Abstract: A random number generation apparatus includes an electric network frequency (ENF) extractor, an entropy generation module, and an entropy pool. The random number generation apparatus may generate a true random number and a pseudo random number based on an ENF signal of an electric network without using a hardware entropy source.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a connection between a user device and a vehicle includes sending, by the vehicle, a first wireless signal through a connection channel, receiving, by the vehicle, a second wireless signal through the connection channel, and acquiring, by the vehicle, a second signal strength sequence from second N continuous signal strength characteristics (PFVeh) of the second wireless signal, receiving, by the user device from the vehicle, the first wireless signal, acquiring a first signal strength sequence from first N continuous signal strength characteristics (PFUDev) of the first wireless signal, and communicating, by the user device, the first signal strength sequence to the vehicle.

Abstract: A secure startup method includes: sending startup information to an auxiliary controller, where the auxiliary controller includes a secure storage unit that stores first public key information and the secure storage unit has a tamper resistance function. The first public key information authenticates a target controller and the startup information triggers the auxiliary controller to authenticate a first program of the target controller. The target controller receives challenge information sent by the auxiliary controller, obtains response information based on the challenge information and sends the response information to the auxiliary controller.

Abstract: A method for authenticating a connection between a user device and a vehicle includes sending, by the vehicle, a first wireless signal through a connection channel, receiving, by the vehicle, a second wireless signal through the connection channel, and acquiring, by the vehicle, a second signal strength sequence from second N continuous signal strength characteristics (PFVeh) of the second wireless signal, receiving, by the user device from the vehicle, the first wireless signal, acquiring a first signal strength sequence from first N continuous signal strength characteristics (PFUDev) of the first wireless signal, and communicating, by the user device, the first signal strength sequence to the vehicle.