Abstract: A hybrid cable/rail transportation system comprising: at least one portion of the system configured as a cable transportation system comprising at least one supporting cable; at least one portion of the system configured as a rail transportation system comprising at least one rail, wherein the system portion configured as a cable transportation system is upstream and/or downstream of the system portion configured as a rail transportation system; a plurality of transportation units wherein each transportation unit comprises a cabin; a first trolley coupled to the supporting cable; a second trolley coupled to the rail; wherein each cabin comprising a roof provided with a connection device configured to couple with the first trolley along the system portion configured as a cable transportation system and with the second trolley along the system portion configured as a rail transportation system.

Abstract: A hybrid cable/rail transportation system comprising: at least one system portion configured as a cable transportation system comprising at least one cable; at least one system portion configured as a rail transportation system comprising at least one rail, wherein the system portion configured as a cable transportation system is upstream and/or downstream of the system portion configured as a rail transportation system; a plurality of transportation units, wherein each transportation unit comprises a cabin; wherein each cabin is configured for being moved along the entire system, respectively supported hanging from the cable along the system portion configured as a cable transportation system and supported resting on the rail along the system portion configured as a rail transportation system.

Abstract: Provided is a processor-implemented method and a processor in a vehicle for estimating the value of a quantity for which a physical sensor is not available for measurement. The method includes: receiving a plurality of measured signals representing values of measurable variables; computing, in real-time, time derivatives of the measured signals; and applying a trained feedforward neural network, in real-time, to estimate values for a plurality of unmeasurable variables, the unmeasurable variables being variables that are unmeasurable in real-time, the feedforward neural network having been trained using test data containing time derivatives of values for the measurable variables and values for the unmeasurable variables; wherein the vehicle uses the estimated values for the unmeasurable variables for vehicle operation.

Abstract: A hybrid cable/rail transportation system comprising: at least one portion of the system configured as a cable transportation system comprising at least one supporting cable; at least one portion of the system configured as a rail transportation system comprising at least one rail, wherein the system portion configured as a cable transportation system is upstream and/or downstream of the system portion configured as a rail transportation system; a plurality of transportation units wherein each transportation unit comprises a cabin; a first trolley coupled to the supporting cable; a second trolley coupled to the rail; wherein each cabin comprising a roof provided with a connection device configured to couple with the first trolley along the system portion configured as a cable transportation system and with the second trolley along the system portion configured as a rail transportation system.

Abstract: A system or method for determining virtual data of a system, relative to a measurement point having a sensor located nearby, is determined by a controller. The system calculates modeled data at the measurement point, filters the modeled data to determine filtered data, and calculates a differential between the modeled data and the filtered data to determine a compensation term. The system also determines raw-sensed data from the sensor at the measurement point, and combines that raw-sensed data with the compensation data to calculate the virtual data at the measurement point. In some configurations, the modeled data is determined from a physics-based model. Furthermore, filtering the modeled data may include using a low-pass filter, and a time constant for the low-pass filter may be calculated based on operating conditions of the system.

Abstract: A cable transportation system extends along a track and has two haul cables driven respectively by respective motors and having respective mutually aligned end portions; a vehicle with two clamping devices configured to attach the vehicle to the haul cables; a passenger station at the end sections of the haul cables; two control cams arranged respectively at the end sections of the haul cables; and two actuators configured to bring the control cams into an operating position to open the clamping devices and into a resting position in which they do not interfere with the clamping devices, the control cams being spaced apart by a distance equal to the distance between the clamping devices in such a way that when the clamping device is at the control cam, the clamping device is at the control cam.

Abstract: A cable transportation system without a hauling cable and comprising: a plurality of transporting units; two supporting cables for supporting the transporting units in a suspended configuration; a plurality of trolleys, wherein each trolley supports a transporting unit in a suspended configuration and comprises rolls configured for resting and rolling on the supporting cables and at least one electric motor configured for moving the trolley along the supporting cables.

Abstract: A cable transportation system for transporting people or goods defines an advancing path extending between two end stations and having a designated length L, and has a hauling cable looped into a closed ring and having a forward branch and a return branch, which extend between the end stations; at least one vehicle configured to be alternately advanced between the two end stations, and selectively and alternately clamped to the forward branch and the return branch of the hauling cable at the end stations; and a drive member for advancing the hauling cable along the advancing path and selectively stopping the hauling cable when the vehicle clamped to the hauling cable is at one end station.

Abstract: Provided is a processor-implemented method and a processor in a vehicle for estimating the value of a quantity for which a physical sensor is not available for measurement. The method includes: receiving a plurality of measured signals representing values of measurable variables; computing, in real-time, time derivatives of the measured signals; and applying a trained feedforward neural network, in real-time, to estimate values for a plurality of unmeasurable variables, the unmeasurable variables being variables that are unmeasurable in real-time, the feedforward neural network having been trained using test data containing time derivatives of values for the measurable variables and values for the unmeasurable variables; wherein the vehicle uses the estimated values for the unmeasurable variables for vehicle operation.

Abstract: A hybrid cable/rail transportation system comprising: at least one system portion configured as a cable transportation system comprising at least one cable; at least one system portion configured as a rail transportation system comprising at least one rail, wherein the system portion configured as a cable transportation system is upstream and/or downstream of the system portion configured as a rail transportation system; a plurality of transportation units, wherein each transportation unit comprises a cabin; wherein each cabin is configured for being moved along the entire system, respectively supported hanging from the cable along the system portion configured as a cable transportation system and supported resting on the rail along the system portion configured as a rail transportation system.

Abstract: A system or method for determining virtual data of a system, relative to a measurement point having a sensor located nearby, is determined by a controller. The system calculates modeled data at the measurement point, filters the modeled data to determine filtered data, and calculates a differential between the modeled data and the filtered data to determine a compensation term. The system also determines raw-sensed data from the sensor at the measurement point, and combines that raw-sensed data with the compensation data to calculate the virtual data at the measurement point. In some configurations, the modeled data is determined from a physics-based model. Furthermore, filtering the modeled data may include using a low-pass filter, and a time constant for the low-pass filter may be calculated based on operating conditions of the system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling the operation of an air charging system of an internal combustion engine. A plurality of actuators include an electric motor of an air compressor. Output parameters of the air charging system are monitored by a plurality of sensors. An error between each one of the output parameters and a target value thereof is calculated by a processor. The calculated errors are applied to linear controllers that yield virtual inputs. Input parameters for the air charging system are calculated using the virtual inputs. The input parameters affect all of the output parameters. The input parameters are calculated with a non-linear mathematical model of the air charging system, configured such that each one of the virtual inputs is in a linear relation with only one of the output parameters. The actuators are operated using the input parameters.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention described herein include a control system for a vehicle. The control system includes a control module that dynamically computes a first power value (PC) to be generated by a compressor based on an estimation model of the compressor. The control system further includes a power term estimator module that dynamically computes a second power value (PU) based on a measured compressor pressure ratio (?cmeas) of the compressor. The control module further computes an amount of power to be generated by an engine (Ptdes) by adding the first power value and the second power value. The control module further adjusts an actuator position to generate the amount of power to be generated.

Abstract: A cable transportation system without a hauling cable and comprising: a plurality of transporting units; two supporting cables for supporting the transporting units in a suspended configuration; a plurality of trolleys, wherein each trolley supports a transporting unit in a suspended configuration and comprises rolls configured for resting and rolling on the supporting cables and at least one electric motor configured for moving the trolley along the supporting cables.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention described herein include a control system for a vehicle. The control system includes a control module that dynamically computes a first power value (PC) to be generated by a compressor based on an estimation model of the compressor. The control system further includes a power term estimator module that dynamically computes a second power value (PU) based on a measured compressor pressure ratio (?cmeas) of the compressor. The control module further computes an amount of power to be generated by an engine (Ptdes) by adding the first power value and the second power value. The control module further adjusts an actuator position to generate the amount of power to be generated.

Abstract: A two-stage air charging system for an internal combustion engine with mixed exhaust gas recirculation includes a high pressure exhaust gas recirculation loop, a low pressure exhaust gas recirculation loop, an air throttle system, a turbo air charging system, and an electric air charging system. A method to control the system includes monitoring desired operating target commands and operating parameters. Feedback control signals are determined based upon the monitored desired operating target commands and the monitored operating parameters. The two-stage air charging system is controlled based on system control commands for each of the high pressure exhaust gas recirculation loop, the low pressure exhaust gas recirculation loop, the air throttle system, the turbo air charging system and the electric air charging system.

Abstract: A cable transportation system extends along a track and has two haul cables driven respectively by respective motors and having respective mutually aligned end portions; a vehicle with two clamping devices configured to attach the vehicle to the haul cables; a passenger station at the end sections of the haul cables; two control cams arranged respectively at the end sections of the haul cables; and two actuators configured to bring the control cams into an operating position to open the clamping devices and into a resting position in which they do not interfere with the clamping devices, the control cams being spaced apart by a distance equal to the distance between the clamping devices in such a way that when the clamping device is at the control cam, the clamping device is at the control cam.

Abstract: A cable transportation system for transporting people or goods defines an advancing path extending between two end stations and having a designated length L, and has a hauling cable looped into a closed ring and having a forward branch and a return branch, which extend between the end stations; at least one vehicle configured to be alternately advanced between the two end stations, and selectively and alternately clamped to the forward branch and the return branch of the hauling cable at the end stations; and a drive member for advancing the hauling cable along the advancing path and selectively stopping the hauling cable when the vehicle clamped to the hauling cable is at one end station.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes an engine and a plurality of actuators. The plurality of actuators includes a first turbine serially connected to a second turbine, the first turbine being a relatively high pressure turbine and the second turbine being a relatively low pressure turbine. A controller is configured to transmit respective command signals to the plurality of actuators. The controller is programmed to obtain respective transfer rates for the plurality of actuators based at least partially on an inversion model. The controller is programmed to control an output of the engine by commanding the plurality of actuators to respective operating parameters via the respective command signals. Prior to obtaining the respective transfer rates, the controller is programmed to determine a respective plurality of desired values and respective correction factors for the plurality of actuators.

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of an air charging system is disclosed. A plurality of output parameters of the air charging system are monitored. An error between each one of the monitored output parameters and a target value thereof is calculated. Each one of the calculated errors is applied to a linear controller that yields a virtual input which is used to calculate a plurality of input parameters for the air charging system. Each one of the input parameters is used to determine the position of a corresponding actuator of the air charging system and operate of the actuators according to the determined position thereof. The inputs parameters are calculated with a non-linear mathematical model of the air charging system configured such that each one of the virtual inputs is in a linear relation with only one of the output parameters.