Abstract: A method for carrying out chemical reactions in so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, for example a catalytic bed, comprises the step of arranging in the reaction environment at least one heat exchanger crossed by an operating fluid along a main direction.

Abstract: A method for in-situ modernization of a heterogeneous synthesis reactor, comprises the steps of providing an unperforated cylindrical wall (15) coaxial to the gas outlet wall (8) in a catalytic bed (6) of the radial or axial-radial type, the unperforated cylindrical wall (15) extending from an upper end (8a) of the gas outlet wall (8) for a portion of the same of a prefixed length, so as to define a free-space (16) between the gas outlet wall (8) and the unperforated wall (15), for the passage of a part of the gas leaving said catalytic bed (6), and of providing means of closing the free-space (16) between the unperforated wall (15) and the gas outlet wall (8), in proximity of the upper end (8a) of the latter, preventing thereby a bypass of the catalytic bed or a recycling to the same of the gas entering respectively leaving the reactor.

Abstract: A method for carrying out chemical reactions in so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, for example a catalytic bed, comprises the step of arranging in the reaction environment at least one heat exchanger crossed by an operating fluid along a main direction.

Abstract: A method for carrying out chemical reactions in so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, for example a catalytic bed, comprises the step of arranging in the reaction environment at least one heat exchanger crossed by an operating fluid along a main direction.