Abstract: A hot runner molding manifold has a first half having flow grooves, a cover piece having flow grooves complementary to the flow grooves of the first half, and a second half securable to the first half and having a cavity for receiving the cover piece. The flow grooves of the first half and the cover piece form flow channels for distributing molten material from an inlet port to outlet ports. The cover piece is engaged with the first half, for example by welding, to reduce leakage of molten material out of the flow channels. Heater grooves in the first half, second half or both the first and second halves receive one or more heating elements for heating the flow channels.

Abstract: A laser consolidation methodology and apparatus for manufacturing precise three dimensional structures are disclosed. In the disclosed process, a plurality of beams of laser energy are arranged to impinge a circular area on a substrate, at an angle in the range of 25° to 30° to the normal to the substrate, melting a hemispherical region of the substrate. Powdered material is supplied to the melted region of the substrate in a direction substantially normal to the substrate. The rate of material feed is controlled so that the added material melts and forms together with underlying material a molten zone maintained spherical under the influence of surface tension. The substrate is moved relative to laser beams and material feed at a controlled rate so as to create a ridge of desired shape on the substrate, the top surface of which has a semicircular cross-section.

Abstract: A batch delivery system that maximizes the amount of material to be transferred from a material source to a material destination by determining whether a primary total and/or a secondary total from a flowmeter have reached a primary target and a secondary target. In one embodiment of the invention, the primary target and the secondary target are mass, volume, and/or net solid.