Abstract: A blood circulation apparatus includes a suction wand for receiving blood from a patient, a reservoir for collecting received blood, a conduit connecting the suction wand and the reservoir, an anticoagulant pump and line for introducing anticoagulant into the blood upstream of the reservoir, sensors for detecting liquid volume in the reservoir and for transmitting a corresponding volume signal, and a controller for regulating anticoagulant introduction in accordance with a predetermined program and as a function of the volume signal.

Abstract: Red blood cells being salvaged are centrifuged into a liquid layer, mixed with a wash solution, and thereafter separated therefrom.

Abstract: A method of removing a constituent of a biological fluid including a blood component, said method including flowing the biological fluid past one side of a first semipermeable membrane, flowing solution containing a first precipitation agent past a second side of the membrane so as to cause transfer of the precipitation agent through the membrane to the biological fluid so as to improve precipitation characteristics of the fluid; and precipitating the constituent from the biological fluid. Also disclosed are maintaining a lower pressure in a biological fluid in a dialyzer than in dialysate at all portions of a membrane in the dialyzer and adding a continuously flowingy stream of concentrated precipitation agent to a continuously flowing stream of a biological fluid.

Abstract: A method of removing a constituent of a biological fluid including a blood component, said method including flowing the biological fluid past one side of a first semipermeable membrane; flowing solution containing a first precipitation agent past a second side of the membrane so as to cause transfer of the precipitation agent through the membrane to the biological fluid so as to improve precipitation characteristics of the fluid; and precipitating the constituent from the biological fluid. Also disclosed are maintaining a lower pressure in a biological fluid in a dialyzer than in dialysate at all portions of a membrane in the dialyzer and adding a continuously flowing stream of concentrated precipitation agent to a continuously flowing stream of a biological fluid.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for continuously separating blood into plasma and cellular component fractions and returning the latter to the subject in admixture with a makeup fluid. The separation is effected by continuously ultrafiltering the subject's blood at specified shear stresses and pressures employing a membrane ultrafilter, preferably having a pore size of 0.45 microns, and a disclosed flow system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for continuously separating blood into plasma and cellular component fractions and returning the latter to the subject in admixture with a makeup fluid. The separation is effected by continuously ultrafiltering the subject's blood at specified shear stresses and pressures employing a membrane ultrafilter, preferably having a pore size of 0.45 microns, and a disclosed flow system.