Abstract: A differential carrier housing having both reduced weight and improved strength along the operational load path of the housing is provided. The housing includes a hollow rib that extends from a forward end rearward of an outer bearing for an input shaft to a rear end at a flange on the carrier housing that is connected to an axle housing.

Abstract: A rear cover for a drive axle housing is provided that minimizes stresses in the weld joining the output shaft bearing tube to the rear cover. In one embodiment, the rear cover includes a stiffening rib extending transversely across part or all of the cover. In another embodiment, the rear cover includes a raised portions proximate the output shaft bearing tube that is substantially spherical in shape.

Abstract: A differential carrier housing having both reduced weight and improved strength along the operational load path of the housing is provided. The housing includes a hollow rib that extends from a forward end rearward of an outer bearing for an input shaft to a rear end at a flange on the carrier housing that is connected to an axle housing.

Abstract: A quantum cryptography apparatus securely generates a key to be used for secure transmission between a sender and a receiver connected by an atmospheric transmission link. A first laser outputs a timing bright light pulse; other lasers output polarized optical data pulses after having been enabled by a random bit generator. Output optics transmit output light from the lasers that is received by receiving optics. A first beam splitter receives light from the receiving optics, where a received timing bright light pulse is directed to a delay circuit for establishing a timing window for receiving light from the lasers and where an optical data pulse from one of the lasers has a probability of being either transmitted by the beam splitter or reflected by the beam splitter. A first polarizer receives transmitted optical data pulses to output one data bit value and a second polarizer receives reflected optical data pulses to output a second data bit value.

Abstract: An orientationally sensitive closure for mounting to a container in a specific orientation includes a closure body and a flange. A spout portion extends from one side of the flange and an orienting projection extends from a side of the flange opposite of the spout. The flange and spout may be coaxial with on another, with the spout centrally disposed thereon. The projection extends from the flange in a non-coaxial relation to the spout and flange. An apparatus for orienting the closure prior to mounting to a container includes a body defming inlet and outlet regions extending along a longitudinal axis of the body. Flange and projection receiving channels extend between the inlet and outlet regions. The flange channel defines a substantially straight-through path through the apparatus, along the longitudinal axis. The projection channel defines a path having at least two bends therein defming a portion generally transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A quantum cryptography apparatus securely generates a key to be used for secure transmission between a sender and a receiver connected by an atmospheric transmission link. A first laser outputs a timing bright light pulse; other lasers output polarized optical data pulses after having been enabled by a random bit generator. Output optics transmit output light from the lasers that is received by receiving optics. A first beam splitter receives light from the receiving optics, where a received timing bright light pulse is directed to a delay circuit for establishing a timing window for receiving light from the lasers and where an optical data pulse from one of the lasers has a probability of being either transmitted by the beam splitter or reflected by the beam splitter. A first polarizer receives transmitted optical data pulses to output one data bit value and a second polarizer receives reflected optical data pulses to output a second data bit value.

Abstract: The orienting device of the present invention will properly orient a closure which is transferred from a hopper to be applied to a container in connection with a form, fill and seal packaging machine. The present invention will also maintain the orientation on an anvil as the anvil moves the closure from the orienting device to a container through exertion of a vacuum on the closure. The present invention also discloses a specific closure for use with an overall orienting closure system. The orienting device will have at least two channels which maintain the closure as the closure is oriented into a desired position.

Abstract: A circular, ziz-zag scan for use with vidicon tubes. A sine wave is generated, rectified and its fourth root extracted. The fourth root, and its inverse, are used to generate horizontal ramp and sync signals. The fourth root is also used to generate a vertical sync signal, and the vertical sync signal, along with the horizontal sync signal, are used to generate the vertical ramp signal. Cathode blanking and preamplifier clamp signals are also obtained from the vertical sync signal.

Abstract: A section of film forms a gray scale having a series of portions forming steps with progressively changing densities and is supported below an opening in a top wall of an enclosure with an internegative being supported therebelow, the internegative being movable to allow sequential exposure of a series of separate portions thereof, while using different color selected filtrations. The gray scale and the number and relation of the exposure positions are such that the internegative is used to a maximum extent and such that a color balance is readily seen from a visual examination of the developed internegative.

Abstract: The technologies of radar, exploration seismology, and air or space transportation, are combined to provide a highly-mobile and economical system of geophysical exploration for petroleum and other mineral deposits. Use is made of the Seismo-electric (SE) and Electro-seismic (ES) effects to momentarily alter the reflection and scattering from, and absorption in, the earth's surface, of electromagnetic (radar) waves transmitted from, and received by, an aircraft or space vehicle, to thereby modulate seismic information on the reflected, scattered and received waves. In this improvement, the received waves, as represented by their transduced electric counterparts, are divided into two paths having different times of transmission, and synchronously re-combined to enhance systematic or meaningful information and remove non-systematic disturbances and random noise.

Abstract: An activatable, and deactivatable electronic status determining label of ferromagnetic construction, and broad application, in tagging objects to permit selective detection of tagged objects depending upon the activation state of the label. The label comprises a thin, layered structure of any size and shape having a central layer of ferromagnetic substance sandwiched between two thin non-magnetic covers. The activated state is derived by producing a multiplicity of magnetically saturated lines, or grooves, in the ferromagnetic substance, each of which is magnetically biased to receive and momentarily store radiant energy from an interrogating read-out zone and return same to the zone in a form characteristic of the label.

Abstract: A porous, or semi-permeable, pipe is placed below the surface of the soil in the area to be irrigated and a flow of water maintained therein. This avoids such practices as sprinkling, furrowing or ditching, and subsequent cultivation, and thereby permits the surface of the land being irrigated to be continuously maintained in the condition most conducive to vegetation growing thereon. It also greatly avoids excessive loss of water by evaporation, puts the water in that position in the soil where it is most useful, and obviates the necessity of having the land level, or nearly so, as required by the more usual methods of gravity-flow irrigation. A steeply sloping hillside can be irrigated quite as easily as a flat plain. Mathematical relations are developed to optimize physical dimensions and flow properties as a function of applied pressure.

Abstract: An activatable, and deactivatable ferromagnetic memory label of broad application in tagging objects to permit selective detection of tagged objects depending upon the activation state of the label. The label comprises a thin, layered structure of any size and shape having a central layer of ferromagnetic substance sandwiched between two thin non-magnetic covers. The activated state is derived by producing a multiplicity of magnetically saturated lines, or grooves, in the ferromagnetic substance, each of which is magnetically biased to receive and momentarily store radiant energy from an interrogating read-out zone and return same to the zone in a form characteristic of the label.

Abstract: Secured computerized credit cards of the ferromagnetic storage variety, and a computer system that makes use of such cards at more than one location. The card comprises a plurality of ferromagnetic elements, within a continuous ferromagnetic medium, capable of storing binary indicia, sandwiched between thin sheets of plastic or other non-magnetic material. The magnetic elements are tangentially polarized, and locked-in by virtue of two contiguous sheets having different coercivities. Security is provided by programming the information stored on the card in a variety of ways under the exclusive control of the card owner.

Abstract: An activatable, and deactivatable ferromagnetic marker useful in tagging objects to permit selective detection of tagged objects depending upon the activation state of the marker. The marker comprises a pair of ferromagnetic elements capable of generating harmonics of an exciting oscillatory interrogating field. Both elements of each pair are essentially identical, having identical dimensions, weights and ferromagnetic properties. In one activation state, the pair generates predominately the even harmonics of the oscillatory field, while in a second activation state the pair generates predominately the odd harmonics of the oscillatory interrogating field. The system includes the marker attached to, or built within, selected objects, a means for selectively switching between the two activation states, an interrogation field, and detection means.

Abstract: Secured computerized credit cards of the ferromagnetic storage variety, and a computer system that makes use of such cards at more than one geographic location. The card comprises a plurality of ferromagnetic elements, capable of storing binary indicia, sandwiched between thin sheets of plastic or other non-magnetic material. Security is provided by giving names to the two faces and four edges of the card and using said names to determine any one of eight ways which can be selected by the card owner for inserting the card into the computer and hence of programming the information stored on the card. Only the card owner knows the adopted name and an imposter has only one chance in eight of properly inserting and using the card. Optional means is also provided whereby the card owner can from time-to-time change the adopted card identification name. Means is likewise provided whereby the card-issuing agency can secure the issue of the card and the card's continued use and thereby prevent forgery.

Abstract: A method for locating specific varieties of fish comprising the steps of making a plurality of passes with a boat, taking differential temperature measurements beneath the surface of the water during each pass, plotting the differential temperature measurements on a chart, making at least one depth versus temperature measurement for determining the temperature variance of the water with respect to the depth of the water and comparing said charted data with known fish environment references for locating likely position and depths for specific varieties of fish.