Abstract: Para selectivity in the conversion of a monosubstituted benzene containing a meta-directing group to disubstituted benzenes can be substantially enhanced by carrying out the reaction in the gas phase with an inorganic or organic substitution agent in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a crystalline molecular sieve material. In particular, nitrobenzene can be converted using nitrogen dioxide in the gas phase to a product containing an augmented proportion of para-dinitrobenzene using a wide range of catalyst compositions comprising both synthetic and naturally occurring crystalline molecular sieve materials such as ferrierites, X-type zeolites, Y-type zeolites, silicalite, framework-modified silicalites, ZSM aluminosilicates, AMS-1B borosilicates, and AlPO.sub.4 types.

Abstract: Catalyst for production of polyolefins of improved morphology comprises (A) organometallic promoter and (B) reaction product of (1) at least one hydrocarbon-soluble aromatic nitro compound with (2) catalytic complex comprising an intimate association of at least one reduced Group IVB-VB metal halide, at least one divalent metal halide and at least one aluminum compound. Aromatic nitro compound is used in an amount effective to improve polymer morphology without substantial adverse effects on other catalytic properties.

Abstract: Catalyst for production of polyolefins of improved morphology comprises (A) organometallic promoter and (B) product obtained by contacting (1) at least one oxygenated compound of phosphorus with (2) catalytic complex comprising an intimate association of at least one reduced Group IVB-VB metal halide, at least one divalent metal halide and at least one aluminum compound. Oxygenated phosphorus compound is used in an amount effective to improve polymer morphology without substantial adverse effects on other catalytic properties.

Abstract: High activity alpha-olefin polymerization catalysts comprising an organometallic promoter and a component prepared from at least one compound of a Group IVB, VB, or VIB metal, at least one support material which is a divalent metal salt of a phosphorus acid ester having at least one phosphorous acid ester group bonded to metal through oxygen or sulfur, and at least one alkylaluminum halide.

Abstract: Method for preparing metal salts of phosphorus acid esters comprising reacting metal salts of organic acids with phosphorus acid esters. By-product removal is facilitated such that high purity products are produced. Products are particularly useful as support materials in the preparation of highly active alpha-olefin polymerization catalyst components.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin polymerization catalyst comprising (A) a solid component which is the reaction product of components comprising (1) an alkyl aluminum halide and (2) a reaction product prepared by reacting components comprising a magnesium compound and a Group IVB or VB amide compound of the general formula M(NR.sub.2).sub.n L.sub.4-n wherein M is a Group IVB or VB metal, R is an alkyl or aryl group, L is a non-amine ligand, and n is a number of from 1 to 4; and (B) an organo aluminum promoter.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin polymerization catalyst comprising (A) a solid component which is the reaction product of components comprising (1) an alkylaluminum halide and (2) a liquid reaction product prepared by reacting components comprising a magnesium (II) alkoxide and a titanium (IV) alkoxyhalide in the absence of hydrocarbon diluent; and (B) an organoaluminum promoter.

Abstract: Vapor phase polymerization of an olefin which comprises conveying inactive high yield titanium catalyst component to a vapor phase polymerization reactor with a liquid comprising recycled quench liquid, reactivating said inactive high yield titanium catalyst component inside the reactor with a metal alkyl reducing agent and polymerizing olefin under gas phase polymerization conditions with reactivated high yield catalyst to form a resinous polymer of an olefin having a low level of catalyst residues.

Abstract: The particle size of as formed polyethylene or ethylene copolymer containing up to about fifteen percent of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 olefin, which is made using a promoted solid catalyst component prepared from a magnesium alkoxide, a titanium (IV) alkoxide and an alkylaluminum dichloride, is increased by adding the dichloride in at least two stages and allowing the preparation mixture to age between stages during the preparation of said catalyst component. The particle size of polymer can be increased substantially using the so treated catalyst component, compared to the particle size of polymer made using untreated catalyst component, when either catalyst component is employed together with an alkylaluminum compound promoter in a slurry or vapor phase process at moderate polymerization temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A novel supported catalyst for polymerization of ethylene or its mixtures with C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 terminal olefins composed of (a) the solid reaction product of a titanium (IV) or vanadium (V) alkoxide, a hydrated magnesium stannate and an alkylaluminum dichloride, and (b) an organo-aluminum compound promoter. The catalyst produces polyolefin in good yield without any substantial production of polymer fines and the catalyst is quite sensitive to hydrogen induced chain termination processes leading to improved molecular weight control and rheology of the polymer product.

Abstract: The particle size of as formed polyethylene or ethylene copolymer containing up to about twenty percent of a C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 olefin can be increased by using a high yield, solid catalyst component prepared from (1) a magnesium alkoxide, (2) a titanium (IV) or vanadium (V) chloride, chloroalkoxide or alkoxide, (3) an alkylaluminum compound, and (4) hydrogen chloride. The particle size of as formed polymer can be increased substantially using the hydrogen-chloride-prepared catalyst component, compared to the particle size of polymer made using a similar catalyst component prepared without the use of hydrogen chloride, when either is employed with an alkylaluminum compound promoter in a slurry or vapor phase polymerization process at moderate polymerization temperatures and pressures.