Abstract: A process for controlling a continuous gas phase exothermic process in a reactor comprising: (i) effecting a gas phase exothermic reaction under a set of operating conditions in the presence of a cooling agent, the cooling agent having a pre-selected concentration and feed rate of an induced cooling agent; (ii) determining a maximum production rate (I) without regard to limitations due to the cooling agent under the operating conditions; (iii) determining a maximum production rate (II) with regard to limitations due to the cooling agent under the operating conditions; (iv) calculating an optimal concentration of the induced cooling agent such that the difference between (I) and (II) is minimized; and (v) adjusting the feed rate of the induced cooling agent to achieve the concentration value calculated in (iv).

Abstract: A process for controlling a continuous gas phase exothermic process in a reactor comprising: (i) effecting a gas phase exothermic reaction under a set of operating conditions in the presence of a cooling agent, the cooling agent having a pre-selected concentration and feed rate of an induced cooling agent; (ii) determining a maximum production rate (I) without regard to limitations due to the cooling agent under the operating conditions; (iii) determining a maximum production rate (II) with regard to limitations due to the cooling agent under the operating conditions; (iv) calculating an optimal concentration of the induced cooling agent such that the difference between (I) and (II) is minimized; and (v) adjusting the feed rate of the induced cooling agent to achieve the concentration value calculated in (iv).

Abstract: Holes are removed from nested product patterns by conveying products on a conveyance mechanism (12) through an infeed section (14) in nested pattern streams (a1, a2, b1, b2), into a narrowing section (24) of a width less than one and one half the product diameter. After the narrowing section (24), the product streams (a11, a21, b11, b21) enter into an expansion section (44) where products move into a side-by-side product stream (a12, a22, b12, b22). Thereafter, nested product streams (a13, a23, b13, b23) are formed, which can be combined to form nested product streams (A, B) which can be further processed as desired.