Abstract: Opal glass compositions and devices incorporating opal glass compositions are described herein. The compositions solve problems associated with the use of opal glasses as light-scattering layers in electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes. In particular, embodiments solve the problem of high light absorption within the opal glass layer as well as the problem of an insufficiently high refractive index that results in poor light collection by the layer. Particular devices comprise light-emitting diodes incorporating light scattering layers formed of high-index opal glasses of high light scattering power that exhibit minimal light attenuation through light absorption within the matrix phases of the glasses.

Abstract: Opal glass compositions and devices incorporating opal glass compositions are described herein. The compositions solve problems associated with the use of opal glasses as light-scattering layers in electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes. In particular, embodiments solve the problem of high light absorption within the opal glass layer as well as the problem of an insufficiently high refractive index that results in poor light collection by the layer. Particular devices comprise light-emitting diodes incorporating light scattering layers formed of high-index opal glasses of high light scattering power that exhibit minimal light attenuation through light absorption within the matrix phases of the glasses.

Abstract: Opal glass compositions and devices incorporating opal glass compositions are described herein. The compositions solve problems associated with the use of opal glasses as light-scattering layers in electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes. In particular, embodiments solve the problem of high light absorption within the opal glass layer as well as the problem of an insufficiently high refractive index that results in poor light collection by the layer. Particular devices comprise light-emitting diodes incorporating light scattering layers formed of high-index opal glasses of high light scattering power that exhibit minimal light attenuation through light absorption within the matrix phases of the glasses.

Abstract: A protected organic light emitting diode includes an organic light emitting diode structure formed on a substrate, a hermetic barrier layer formed over at least part of the organic light emitting diode structure, and a light extraction layer. The barrier layer may include a glass material such as a tin fluorophosphate glass, a tungsten-doped tin fluorophosphate glass, a chalcogenide glass, a tellurite glass, a borate glass or a phosphate glass. The light extraction layer, which may be formed over the barrier layer, includes a high refractive index matrix material and at least one of scattering particles dispersed throughout the matrix material and a roughened surface.

Abstract: Provided herein are substrates useful for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as well as methods of making substrates. The substrates comprise a support element; a nanoparticulate layer; a SERS-active layer in contact with said nanoparticulate layer; and optionally, an immobilizing layer disposed between said nanoparticulate layer and said support element; wherein if the optional immobilizing layer is not present, the nanoparticulate layer is thermally bonded to the support element; and if said optional immobilizing layer is present, said nanoparticulate layer thermally bonded to said immobilizing layer, and optionally, further thermally bonded to said support element. In addition, methods of making the substrates, along with methods of detecting and increasing a Raman signal using the substrates, are described herein.

Abstract: A protected organic light emitting diode includes an organic light emitting diode structure formed on a substrate, a hermetic barrier layer formed over at least part of the organic light emitting diode structure, and a light extraction layer. The barrier layer may include a glass material such as a tin fluorophosphate glass, a tungsten-doped tin fluorophosphate glass, a chalcogenide glass, a tellurite glass, a borate glass or a phosphate glass. The light extraction layer, which may be formed over the barrier layer, includes a high refractive index matrix material and at least one of scattering particles dispersed throughout the matrix material and a roughened surface.

Abstract: A protected organic light emitting diode includes an organic light emitting diode structure formed on a substrate, a hermetic barrier layer formed over at least part of the organic light emitting diode structure, and a light extraction layer. The barrier layer may include a glass material such as a tin fluorophosphate glass, a tungsten-doped tin fluorophosphate glass, a chalcogenide glass, a tellurite glass, a borate glass or a phosphate glass. The light extraction layer, which may be formed over the barrier layer, includes a high refractive index matrix material and at least one of scattering particles dispersed throughout the matrix material and a roughened surface.

Abstract: Light scattering inorganic substrates comprising monolayers and methods for making light scattering inorganic substrates comprising monolayers useful for, for example, photovoltaic cells are described herein. The method comprises providing an inorganic substrate comprising at least one surface, applying an adhesive to the at least one surface of the inorganic substrate, applying inorganic particles to the adhesive to form a coated substrate, and heating the coated substrate to form the light scattering inorganic substrate.

Abstract: Solar cells or solar modules of the so-called tandem type, i.e. stacked arrangements of photovoltaic absorber devices on a substrate with a textured surface are described. The thin film solar cell has a substrate comprising a textured surface, and a front electrode layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide adjacent to the textured surface, wherein the electrode layer has a thickness less than the roughness of the textured surface.

Abstract: Light scattering substrates made by providing a substrate comprising at least one surface, forming a layer of particles by depositing a sol-gel on the at least one surface, and heating the coated substrate.

Abstract: Opal glass compositions and devices incorporating opal glass compositions are described herein. The compositions solve problems associated with the use of opal glasses as light-scattering layers in electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes. In particular, embodiments solve the problem of high light absorption within the opal glass layer as well as the problem of an insufficiently high refractive index that results in poor light collection by the layer. Particular devices comprise light-emitting diodes incorporating light scattering layers formed of high-index opal glasses of high light scattering power that exhibit minimal light attenuation through light absorption within the matrix phases of the glasses.

Abstract: Methods of isolating photovoltaic cells in a module by providing a textured glass substrate with a pattern of textured areas and a pattern of non-textured areas; forming a plurality of photovoltaic cells on the glass substrate; and isolating each of the cells from each adjacent cell to form the module. Glass substrates have a surface with a pattern of textured areas; and a pattern of non-textured areas, wherein the non-textured areas are in the form of strips having an average width of from 10 microns to 500 microns. Articles have a glass substrate having a surface comprising a pattern of textured areas and a pattern of non-textured areas; and a plurality of isolated photovoltaic cells formed on the glass substrate.

Abstract: Light scattering inorganic substrates and articles comprising soot particles and methods for making light scattering inorganic substrates and articles comprising soot particles useful for, for example, photovoltaic cells. The method for making the substrates and articles comprises providing an inorganic substrate comprising at least one surface, applying soot particles pyrogenically to the at least one surface of the inorganic substrate to form a coated substrate, and heating the soot particles to form the light scattering inorganic substrate. The invention creates a scattering glass surface that is suitable for subsequent deposition of a TCO and a thin film silicon photovoltaic device structure. The scattering properties may be controlled by the combination of substrate glass and soot composition, deposition conditions, patterning of the soot, and/or sintering conditions.

Abstract: Light scattering inorganic substrates comprising monolayers and methods for making light scattering inorganic substrates comprising monolayers useful for, for example, photovoltaic cells are described herein. The method comprises providing an inorganic substrate comprising at least one surface, applying an adhesive to the at least one surface of the inorganic substrate, applying inorganic particles to the adhesive to form a coated substrate, and heating the coated substrate to form the light scattering inorganic substrate.

Abstract: Light scattering inorganic substrates comprising monolayers and methods for making light scattering inorganic substrates comprising monolayers useful for, for example, photovoltaic cells are described herein. One embodiment is a method for making a light scattering inorganic substrate. The method comprises providing an inorganic substrate comprising at least one surface, forming a monolayer of inorganic particles on the at least one surface to form a coated substrate, heating the coated substrate above the softening point of the inorganic substrate, and pressing the inorganic particles into the at least one surface form the light scattering inorganic substrate.

Abstract: Textured superstrates for photovoltaic cells, for example, silicon tandem photovoltaic cells with light scattering properties which are sufficient for light trapping independent of wavelength are described herein. Features of a textured surface of a superstrate, via the method(s) used to make the textured superstrate, can be tailored to provide the desired light scattering/trapping properties. The method includes grinding and lapping or grinding, lapping, and etching of a glass superstrate.

Abstract: Disclosed in the application are a synthetic silica glass having low fluence-dependent transmission, particularly at about 193 nm, and a process for making the same. The glass may desirably exhibit a low level of fluorescence at 290 and 390 nm when activated at about 248 nm. The glass may desirably exhibit low level of LIWFD, [SiH*] and/or [ODC].

Abstract: Light scattering substrates, superstrates, and/or layers for photovoltaic cells are described herein. Such structures can be used for volumetric scattering in thin film photovoltaic cells.

Abstract: Coated substrates and methods for coating substrates, for example, a self-assembly method, disclosed herein are useful for, for example, photovoltaic cells.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing a CMOS image sensor result in: a glass or glass ceramic substrate having first and second spaced-apart surfaces; a semiconductor layer disposed on the first surface of the glass or glass ceramic substrate; and a plurality of pixel structures formed in the semiconductor layer, each pixel structure including: at least first, second, and third semiconductor islands, each island operating as a color sensitive photo-detector and each being of a different thickness such that each is sensitive to a respective range of light wavelengths, and a fourth semiconductor island on which at least one transistor is disposed, the at least one transistor operating to at least one of buffer, select, and reset one or more of the photo-detectors.