Abstract: A hardened cellular material formed by stretching a stretchable material is disclosed. Fluid is allowed to enter softened stretchable material through apertures in a stretching surface to define voids at locations in the stretchable material at locations defined by the apertures. The stretchable material is then hardened with voids at locations controlled/defined by the apertures.

Abstract: A hardened cellular material formed by stretching a stretchable material is disclosed. Fluid is allowed to enter softened stretchable material through apertures in a stretching surface to define voids at locations in the stretchable material at locations defined by the apertures. The stretchable material is then hardened with voids at locations controlled/defined by the apertures.

Abstract: Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: 2 nm-5 micron), entirely coarse-grained (average grain size: >20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.

Abstract: Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: >20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.

Abstract: Variable property deposit, at least partially of fine-grained metallic material, optionally containing solid particulates dispersed therein, is disclosed. The electrodeposition conditions in a single plating cell are suitably adjusted to once or repeatedly vary at least one property in the deposit direction. In one embodiment denoted multidimension grading, property variation along the length and/or width of the deposit is also provided. Variable property metallic material deposits containing at least in part a fine-grained microstructure and variable property in the deposit direction and optionally multidimensionally, provide superior overall mechanical properties compared to monolithic fine-grained (average grain size: 2 nm-5 micron), entirely coarse-grained (average grain size: >20 micron) or entirely amorphous metallic material deposits.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming coatings or free-standing deposits of nano-crystalline metals, metal alloys or metal matrix composites. The process employs drum plating or selective plating processes involving pulse electrode-position and a non-stationary anode or cathode. Novel nano-crystalline metal matrix composites and micro components are disclosed as well. Also described is a process for forming micro-components with grain sizes below 1,000 nm.