Abstract: A method for the pre-emulsification of fuel oil or other carbonaceous compound and water in the presence of one or more emulsifying compositions or emulsifier constituents, prior to the addition to and emulsification of an aqueous solution of the ammonium nitrate or other oxidizer salt. In contrast to compositions prepared by emulsifying all constituents simultaneously, the pre-emulsion of the fuel oil and water with fatty acid and salts and/or amines consistently enables preparation of emulsion-type explosive compositions having uniform, fine particle size. The emulsions thus produced detonate readily and are stable to cold (to -20.degree. C.), to heat (to 90.degree. C.) and to water (24 hour immersion).

Abstract: A heat resistant protective coating is comprised of a composition including 14 to 21 percent by weight of an alkali metal silicate; 20 to 35 percent by weight of magnesium silicate; a blowing agent; and water. The composition upon heating intumesces to form a closed cell structure which provides insulation to a coated substrate.The coating composition is particularly useful in coating steel pipe to form an intumesced closed cell composition on the steel pipe. The pipe can be used as an oxygen lance in producing steel or as an aluminum flux rod.