Abstract: A vertical ladder has two side stiles and at least one front vertical rail. Two sets of half treads are supported by each stile and horizontal rung members connected between at least one rail and a respective half tread or stile. Each horizontal rung member only has a front straight bar portion that terminates orthogonally at the at least one rail (i.e. at a T-junction), thereby allowing a vertical grab rail portion for gripping (including for counterbalance) and an orthogonal side straight bar portion. The rung members and half treads are alternately vertically staggered. As such, a user may ascend the ladder by stepping sideways onto the inward facing half treads and shift the user's weight from side to side, thereby being able to climb the ladder even without holding on and, when holding on, the vertical grab rail portions may be used for counterbalance.

Abstract: A vertically orientated ladder apparatus allowing a climber to adopt an improved climbing stance wherein the climber's arms are poised economically in front of the climber within the climbing passage; the climber's legs are spread for the lateral stability of the climber so as to reduce the tendency of the climber falling sideways; and the climber is substantially upright such that the climber's center of gravity lies substantially between the opposing steps (11) so as to allow the climber to release the climber's grip on the hand rails (14) while remaining balanced and supported by the legs of the climber. Opposing steps (11) are level or staggered. Embodiments include three or four stiles (12, 15).

Abstract: A vertically orientated ladder apparatus allowing a climber to adopt an improved climbing stance wherein the climber's arms are poised economically in front of the climber within the climbing passage; the climber's legs are spread for the lateral stability of the climber so as to reduce the tendency of the climber falling sideways; and the climber is substantially upright such that the climber's centre of gravity lies substantially between the opposing steps (11) so as to allow the climber to release the climber's grip on the hand rails (14) while remaining balanced and supported by the legs of the climber. Opposing steps (11) are level or staggered. Embodiments include three or four stiles (12, 15).