Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst made from microspheres that initially contain kaolin, a dispersible boehmite alumina and a sodium silicate or silica sol binder. The kaolin portion contains hydrous kaolin and optionally spinel, or mullite, or both spinel and mullite made via kaolin which has been calcined through its characteristic exotherm. Calcination of the hydrous clay to metakaolin and formation of in-situ zeolite by treatment with sodium silicate yields a catalyst containing Y-faujasite and transforms the dispersible boehmite into a transitional alumina. The catalyst can be used to crack resid or resid-containing feeds as the alumina phase formed from the dispersible boehmite passivates nickel and vanadium contaminants.

Abstract: A deactivated sorbent composition is reactivated by contacting the deactivated sorbent with a reducing stream under activation conditions sufficient to reduce the amount of sulfates associated with the sorbent composition.

Abstract: During regeneration of a sulfurized sorbent, the oxygen partial pressure in the regeneration zone is controlled to minimize sulfation of the sorbent.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst made from microspheres that initially contain kaolin, a dispersible boehmite alumina and a sodium silicate or silica sol binder. The kaolin portion contains hydrous kaolin and optionally kaolin which has been calcined through its characteristic exotherm. Calcination of the hydrous clay to metakaolin and formation of in-situ zeolite by treatment with sodium silicate yields a catalyst containing Y-faujasite and transforms the dispersible boehmite into a transitional alumina which contains a gamma alumina phase. The transitional alumina may contain a delta alumina phase as well. The catalyst can be used to crack resid or resid-containing feeds as the alumina phase formed from the dispersible boehmite passivates nickel and vanadium contaminants.

Abstract: During the regeneration of a sulfurized sorbent comprising zinc aluminate, a promoter metal and zinc sulfide by contact with an oxygen-containing stream to convert at least a portion of said zinc sulfide to zinc oxide the average sulfur dioxide partial pressure in the regeneration zone is controlled within the range of from about 0.1 to about 10 psig to minimize sulfation of the sorbent.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: Sorbent compositions for the removal of sulfur from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promotor metal followed by reduction of the valence of the promotor metal in the resulting promotor metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: Attrition resistant, sorbent compositions for the removal of elemental sulfur and sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides, from cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are prepared by the impregnation of a sorbent support comprising zinc oxide, expanded perlite, and alumina with a promoter such as nickel, nickel oxide or a precursor of nickel oxide followed by reduction of the valence of the promoter metal in the resulting promoter metal sorbent support composition.

Abstract: A process for the removal of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium, arsenic and mercury from aqueous solutions containing one or more of said metals as well as competing ions such as calcium and/or magnesium by contacting said aqueous solution with amorphous titanium or tin silicates is disclosed. Said amorphous titanium and tin silicates are characterized by a silicon-to-titanium or tin molar ratio of from 1:4 to 1.9:1 and a cumulative desorption pore volume ranging from about 0.03 to about 0.25 cubic centimeters per gram.

Abstract: Process for forming a zeolite particle in the fluidizable size range from 20 to 150 micrometers. Acid-stable, molecular sieve zeolite mordenite is formed by mixing silica-alumina gel particles in the fluidized size range with sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and mordenite seed crystals. For example, the mixture is reacted under autogenous pressure at 180.degree. C for 24 hours.