Abstract: Use of an additive selected from nitrate compounds, peroxide compounds, nitrite compounds and polyether compounds, and mixtures thereof in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the build-up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Use of a paraffinic gasoil in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the build up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Use of an additive selected from nitrate compounds, peroxide compounds, nitrite compounds and polyether compounds, and mixtures thereof in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the build-up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Use of a paraffinic gasoil in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the build up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of playing audio content to a viewer in synchronization with a video content. The method comprises receiving and digitizing an ultrasonic signal comprising ultrasonic synchronization signal(s), the ultrasonic synchronization signal(s) comprising a timecode-carrying part that encodes a respective timecode through modulation of ultrasonic carrier signal(s), the ultrasonic synchronization signal(s) comprising further an ultrasonic marker signal conterminous with the timecode-carrying part. The timecode-carrying part is identified based on a received ultrasonic marker signal and decoded to determine the corresponding timecode. The stored audio content is played back from a playback point determined based on the timecode.

Abstract: A method of playing audio content to a viewer in synchronisation with a video content. The method comprises receiving and digitising an ultrasonic signal comprising ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s) which encode a respective timecode through modulation of ultrasonic carrier signal(s), and identifying digitised ultrasonic synchronisation signals which are decoded to determine the corresponding timecode by sampling the digitised ultrasonic signal and eliminating estimated background noise component(s) from the frequency spectrum of the samples, binarising the corrected frequency spectrum corresponding to the timecode-carrying part of the digitised ultrasonic synchronisation signal to generate a representation of the timecode, and determining the corresponding timecode from the representation. A stored audio content is played back from a playback point determined based on the timecode.

Abstract: A method of playing audio content to a viewer in synchronisation with a video content. The method comprises receiving and digitising an ultrasonic signal comprising ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s) encoding a respective timecode through modulation of ultrasonic carrier signal(s), a first ultrasonic carrier signal having been amplitude modulated to encode logical “1” or “0” in data-carrying segments, each data-carrying segments being followed by non-data-carrying segments in which the amplitude of the ultrasonic carrier signal does not exceed a predetermined threshold. A digitised ultrasonic synchronisation signal is processed to identify the data-carrying segments, and the corresponding timecode is extracted from the data-carrying segments. A stored audio content is played back from a playback point determined based on the timecode.

Abstract: A method of playing audio content to a viewer in synchronisation with a video content. The method comprises receiving and digitising an ultrasonic signal comprising ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s) which encode a respective timecode through modulation of ultrasonic carrier signal(s), and identifying digitised ultrasonic synchronisation signals which are decoded to determine the corresponding timecode by sampling the digitised ultrasonic signal and eliminating estimated background noise component(s) from the frequency spectrum of the samples, binarising the corrected frequency spectrum corresponding to the timecode-carrying part of the digitised ultrasonic synchronisation signal to generate a representation of the timecode, and determining the corresponding timecode from the representation. A stored audio content is played back from a playback point determined based on the timecode.

Abstract: A method of playing audio content to a viewer in synchronisation with a video content. The method comprises receiving and digitising an ultrasonic signal comprising ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s), the ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s) comprising a timecode-carrying part that encodes a respective timecode through modulation of ultrasonic carrier signal(s), the ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s) comprising further an ultrasonic marker signal conterminous with the timecode-carrying part. The timecode-carrying part is identified based on a received ultrasonic marker signal and decoded to determine the corresponding timecode. The stored audio content is played back from a playback point determined based on the timecode.

Abstract: A method of playing audio content to a viewer in synchronisation with a video content. The method comprises receiving and digitising an ultrasonic signal comprising ultrasonic synchronisation signal(s) encoding a respective timecode through modulation of ultrasonic carrier signal(s), a first ultrasonic carrier signal having been amplitude modulated to encode logical “1” or “0” in data-carrying segments, each data-carrying segments being followed by non-data-carrying segments in which the amplitude of the ultrasonic carrier signal does not exceed a predetermined threshold. A digitised ultrasonic synchronisation signal is processed to identify the data-carrying segments, and the corresponding timecode is extracted from the data-carrying segments. A stored audio content is played back from a playback point determined based on the timecode.

Abstract: A removable sleeve cover may comprise a frusto-conical body, an insulation liner, and a window pocket frame. The frusto-conical body has an inner surface and an outer surface. The interior surface is configured for receiving a liquid container. The insulated liner may be coupled to the inner surface of the body. The window pocket frame may be attached to the outer surface of the removable sleeve cover.

Abstract: A removable sleeve cover may comprise a frusto-conical body, an insulation liner, and a window pocket frame. The frusto-conical body has an inner surface and an outer surface. The interior surface is configured for receiving a liquid container. The insulated liner may be coupled to the inner surface of the body. The window pocket frame may be attached to the outer surface of the removable sleeve cover.

Abstract: A method of operating a turbo charged diesel engine is provided where a viscosity increasing component in a diesel fuel composition is used, to improve the acceleration performance, at low engine speeds (for example up to 2200 rpm). This method may be used for reducing the engine speed at which the turbo charger reaches its maximum speed when accelerating at low engine speeds, or reducing the time taken for the turbo charger to reach its maximum speed. It may mitigate a deterioration in the acceleration performance of the engine due to another cause. The VK 40 of the resultant fuel composition is suitably 2.8 mm2/s (centistokes) or greater. The viscosity increasing component may in particular be a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, an oil or a fatty acid alkyl ester. A density increasing component may be used in the fuel composition together with the viscosity increasing component.

Abstract: The invention provides novel inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase sulfenyl amide and their use in medicine, for example in the treatment or prevention of disease states such as cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension. Also provided are novel crystal structures and the use of the crystal structures and their X-ray coordinates in the development of new drugs.

Abstract: The use of a detergent-containing fuel additive in a diesel fuel composition, for the purpose of reducing engine power loss and/or reversing a previously incurred power loss, and optionally also for reducing smoke and/or particulate emissions. Also provided is a method for assessing the performance of a candidate diesel fuel composition based on its ability to reduce or reverse power loss, and a diesel fuel composition containing a detergent at an active matter concentration of between 100 and 500 ppmw.

Abstract: The present invention provides the novel chlorofluorohydrocarbon 1,1-difluoro-1,4-dichlorobutane, and a process for its preparation comprising reacting 1,1,1,4-tetrachlorobutane or 1,1,4-trichlorobut-1-ene with hydrogen fluoride in the liquid or vapour phase. The product has useful solvent properties and is also useful in synthetic chemistry for the introduction of fluorocarbon functionality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 1,1-difluoro-1,4-dichlorobutane by reacting 1,1,1,4-tetrachlorobutane or 1,1,4-trichlorobut-1-ene with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides the novel chlorofluorohydrocarbon 1,1-difluoro-1,4-dichlorobutane, and a process for its preparation comprising reacting 1,1,1,4-tetrachlorobutane or 1,1,4-trichlorobut-1-ene with hydrogen fluoride in the liquid or vapor phase. The product has useful solvent properties and is also useful in synthetic chemistry for the introduction of fluorocarbon functionality.

Abstract: A compound of the following formula ##STR1## wherein M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal atom and a process for the preparation of the compound is provided.

Abstract: 3-Isochromanone is prepared by reacting o-tolyacetic acid with sulphuryl chloride in the presence of a free radical initiator, e.g. AIBN, followed by ring closure of the 2-chloromethylphenylacetic acid so formed with a base, e.g. potassium bicarbonate.