Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, an image forming apparatus includes: a unit configured to determine a first region, which is within a range from where a distance from a first edge of an image is a first value to a second value, and a second region, which is within a range from where a distance from the first edge is the second value to a third value; and a decision unit configured to, for each of a plurality of first pixels included in the first region and a plurality of second pixels included in the second region, decide an amount of reduction from an exposure amount, wherein the decision unit makes the amount of reduction of each of the plurality of first pixels larger than the amount of reduction of each of the plurality of second pixels.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing container having an accommodation chamber for a developer and a developing chamber communicating with the accommodation chamber through a communication port, a conveyance member configured to convey the developer toward the communication port by a sheet, the conveyance member including a rotation shaft and the sheet which is flexible and has a first end fixed to the rotation shaft so as to rotate in the accommodation chamber, a light transmitting member provided in the developing container and positioned above the communication port, and an abutting portion configured to abut on a second end of the sheet such that the sheet is maintained in a bent state until the second end passes in front of the communication port from its upstream end in a rotation direction of the conveyance member and then reaches the light transmitting member.

Abstract: When, in a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, ?V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and ?v denotes a peripheral velocity ratio which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member, a first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|?|C×?V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|>|C×?V| is satisfied.

Abstract: When, in a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, ?V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and ?v denotes a peripheral velocity ratio which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member, a first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|?|C×?V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|>|C×?V| is satisfied.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a motor configured to rotationally drive an image bearing roller and a developer bearing roller at a first peripheral velocity ratio and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio. A development contrast formed between a developing bias to the developer bearing roller and a light-part potential formed on the image bearing roller in a case where a development operation is performed at the second peripheral velocity ratio is larger than a development contrast formed between the developing bias to the developer bearing roller and the light-part potential formed on the image bearing roller in a case where the development operation is performed at the first peripheral velocity ratio.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that executes an image forming operation for forming a toner image on a recording material and an application operation of applying a metal soap to a surface of an image bearing member by supplying a toner stored in a toner storing unit to the surface of the image bearing member from the developing member. A surficial moving speed of the image bearing member during the application operation is lower than the surficial moving speed of the image bearing member during the image forming operation, and a speed difference between the surficial moving speed of the developing member and the surficial moving speed of the image bearing member during the application operation is larger than that during the image forming operation.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a seal member contacting an image bearing member upstream in the rotation direction of the image bearing member from a cleaning member and allowing the developer to move from upstream in the rotation direction from the contact part between the seal member and the image bearing to downstream from the contact part while regulating movement from downstream to upstream from the contact part. The developer has surface protrusions containing an organic silicon polymer, wherein either (i) the work function of the seal member is greater than the work function of the developer when the developer has a negative charging polarity and is smaller than the work function of the developer when the developer has a positive charging polarity, or (ii) the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the seal member and the work function of the developer is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that executes an image forming operation for forming a toner image on a recording material and an application operation of applying a metal soap to a surface of an image bearing member by supplying a toner stored in a toner storing unit to the surface of the image bearing member from the developing member. A surficial moving speed of the image bearing member during the application operation is lower than the surficial moving speed of the image bearing member during the image forming operation, and a speed difference between the surficial moving speed of the developing member and the surficial moving speed of the image bearing member during the application operation is larger than that during the image forming operation.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a seal member contacting an image bearing member upstream in the rotation direction of the image bearing member from a cleaning member and allowing the developer to move from upstream in the rotation direction from the contact part between the seal member and the image bearing to downstream from the contact part while regulating movement from downstream to upstream from the contact part. The developer has surface protrusions containing an organic silicon polymer, wherein either (i) the work function of the seal member is greater than the work function of the developer when the developer has a negative charging polarity and is smaller than the work function of the developer when the developer has a positive charging polarity, or (ii) the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the seal member and the work function of the developer is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a developer container including a frame configured to define a developer containing portion, a first electrode, and a second electrode arranged on a surface of the frame and having a surface opposed to the first electrode, a developer amount in the developer containing portion being detected based on a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the method including: holding a conductive resin member constituting the second electrode on a mold configured to mold the frame, a surface of the conductive resin member being in contact with a surface of the mold configured to mold a surface of the frame on a side of the developer containing portion; injecting a resin to be formed into the frame, into the mold on which the conductive resin member is held; and curing the resin to form the frame to which the second electrode is fixed.

Abstract: A charging member that contacts an image bearing member and charges the image bearing member has an electrically conductive support and an elastic layer in contact with the image bearing member. The elastic layer includes a semiconductive rubber composition including a matrix and domains having electric conductivity. The semiconductive rubber composition has a sea-island structure in which the domains form an island phase and the matrix forms a sea phase. The matrix has a higher volume resistivity than the domains. The developer includes a toner, and the toner has a Martens hardness of at least 200 MPa and not more than 1100 MPa when measured under a maximum load of 2.0×10?4 N.

Abstract: When, in a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, ?V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and ?v denotes a peripheral velocity ratio which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member, a first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|?|C×?V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|>|C×?V| is satisfied.

Abstract: A charging member that contacts an image bearing member and charges the image bearing member has an electrically conductive support and an elastic layer in contact with the image bearing member. The elastic layer includes a semiconductive rubber composition including a matrix and domains having electric conductivity. The semiconductive rubber composition has a sea-island structure in which the domains form an island phase and the matrix forms a sea phase. The matrix has a higher volume resistivity than the domains. The developer includes a toner, and the toner has a Martens hardness of at least 200 MPa and not more than 1100 MPa when measured under a maximum load of 2.0×10?4 N.

Abstract: In a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, ?V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and Av denotes a peripheral velocity ratio, which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member. A first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|?|C×?V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|>|C×?V| is satisfied.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes: a developing roller; a frame configured to support the developing roller at each of two end portions of the developing roller in a longitudinal direction of the developing roller; and a sealing member configured to seal a space between the frame and each of the two end portions of the developing roller. A first lubricant having an average particle size smaller than a predetermined surface roughness Ra is applied to a first region that is located at each end portion of the developing roller in the longitudinal direction and is in contact with the sealing member. A second lubricant having an average particle size larger than the surface roughness Ra is applied to a second region that is located on an inner side of the first region in the longitudinal direction and is separated from the sealing member and has the surface roughness Ra.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes: a developing roller; a frame configured to support the developing roller at each of two end portions of the developing roller in a longitudinal direction of the developing roller; and a sealing member configured to seal a space between the frame and each of the two end portions of the developing roller. A first lubricant having an average particle size smaller than a predetermined surface roughness Ra is applied to a first region that is located at each end portion of the developing roller in the longitudinal direction and is in contact with the sealing member. A second lubricant having an average particle size larger than the surface roughness Ra is applied to a second region that is located on an inner side of the first region in the longitudinal direction and is separated from the sealing member and has the surface roughness Ra.

Abstract: A developer container includes a stirring member that stirs a developer and a conductive resin sheet that comes into contact with the stirring member when the stirring member rotates. Wherein, the developer container detects developer quantity using capacitance from the conductive resin sheet.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a developer container including a frame configured to define a developer containing portion, a first electrode, and a second electrode arranged on a surface of the frame and having a surface opposed to the first electrode, a developer amount in the developer containing portion being detected based on a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the method including: holding a conductive resin member constituting the second electrode on a mold configured to mold the frame, a surface of the conductive resin member being in contact with a surface of the mold configured to mold a surface of the frame on a side of the developer containing portion; injecting a resin to be formed into the frame, into the mold on which the conductive resin member is held; and curing the resin to form the frame to which the second electrode is fixed.

Abstract: Changing of a peripheral speed ratio, resulting in change of the developer amount per unit area, enables the detection unit to detect the developer amount with sufficient accuracy.

Abstract: A control portion has a conversion portion that converts image data to be used for forming a recorded image by using either a first conversion condition which has been set such as to obtain a first gradation characteristic in the image to be formed on the recording material when a first image forming operation is executed or a second conversion condition which has been set such as to obtain a second gradation characteristic, which is different from the first gradation characteristic, in the image when a second image forming operation is executed, a peripheral velocity ratio between an image bearing member and a developer bearing member being larger during the second image forming operation than during the first image forming operation, and enables the first image forming operation or the second image forming operation to be performed on the basis of converted image data.