Abstract: There are obtained by mixing together approximately equal parts of 1-benzoylcyclohexanol and benzophenone or a benzophenone derivative liquid mixtures which possess a high activity as photoinitiators for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The level of activity is higher than that of the individual components taken separately.

Abstract: Cationically polymerizable compounds, for example epoxide compounds, can be polymerized photochemically using a catalyst combination consisting of an aromatic iodonium salt and a ketone of the formula I, II or III ##STR1## in which n is 1 or 2 and Ar, X, X', R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined in claim 1. In this combination, the ketones act as a co-catalyst and drastically accelerate the photopolymerization, although they are not able to initiate a cationic photopolymerization on their own.

Abstract: Oxime sulfonates of the formula I ##STR1## in which m is 0 or 1 and n is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are monovalent radicals or, together with the atoms to which they are linked, form a ring system, and R.sup.3 is the n-valent radical of a mono- or di-sulfonic acid, can be split photochemically to give the free sulfonic acid. They can therefore be used as latent acid catalysts for combined radiation curing and heat curing of acid-curable finishes.

Abstract: The electron beam curing of ethylenically unsaturated coating compositions can be accelerated by the addition of sterically hindered amines. These amines are at the same time light stabilizers for the cured coating. 2,2,6,6-Tetraalkylpiperidine derivatives are examples of such amines. If a UV absorber is added to the coating compositions in addition, a synergistic increase in the light-stabilizing effect occurs.

Abstract: Quinolinium sulfonates of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl substituted by halogen, hydroxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, or it is C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 -phenylalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen, --CN, --COO(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl), --CHO, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, an acyloxy group R.sup.7 COO--, a group R.sup.8 --CH.dbd.CH--, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 -phenylalkyl or phenyl, R.sup.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen or a group R.sup.7 CONH--, or it is fluorine, NH.sub.2 or CF.sub.3, and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently of one another are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl, are suitable as latent curing catalysts for acid-curable stoving lacquers.

Abstract: Acid addition salts of basic polyalkylpiperidine derivatives, which contain a group of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is H or CH.sub.3, and an inorganic or organic acid, and also inner salts of sulfonic acids which contain a group of the formula I, are suitable as curing catalysts for acid-curable stoving lacquers. Their advantage is a long pot life and also an additional light stabilizing action.

Abstract: Use of 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine compounds or their acid addition salts or complexes with metal compounds, optionally together with further stabilizers, for stabilizing metallic stoving lacquers based on hot-crosslinkable alkyd or acrylic resins against the action of light, moisture and oxygen.

Abstract: Use of N-substituted 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperadine compounds, their acid addition salts or complexes with metal compounds, optionally together with further stabilizers, for stabilizing acid catalyzed stoving lacquers based on hot crosslinkable acrylic polyester or alkyd resins against the action of light, moisture and oxygen. The combination of an N-substituted 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine compound with a UV absorber is particularly effective in stabilizing said lacquers.

Abstract: The invention relates to ester mixtures of polyalkylpiperidine derivatives of the formulae I and II ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-12 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 alkenyl, C.sub.7-11 aralkyl, cyanomethyl or C.sub.2-4 acyl, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-18 alkylene, C.sub.2-18 oxaalkylene, Chd 2-18 thiaalkylene, C.sub.2-18 azaalkylene or C.sub.2-8 alkenylene and R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl. These mixtures are suitable as stabilizers for plastics.

Abstract: Cationically polymerizable compounds, in particular epoxy compounds, can be polymerized by heating in the presence of a catalyst and a co-catalyst. The catalyst employed is a quaternary ammonium salt of an aromatic-heterocyclic compound which contains 1 or 2 N-atoms, and a complex halide anion, e.g. PF.sub.6.sup..crclbar.. The co-catalyst employed is a diaryl ethane derivative, preferably benzpinacol, a silyl oligomer thereof, an organic per compound or a quinone.

Abstract: Cationically polymerizable compounds can be polymerized photochemically and thermally when a combination of (a) an aromatic iodonium salt, (b) a photoinitiator from the series comprising the aromatic carbonyl compounds and (c) an agent which forms free radicals on heating is used as the catalyst. Polymerization is preferably effected in two stages, first photochemically and then thermally, or vice versa. Preferred substrates are epoxide compounds.

Abstract: Use of N-substituted 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine compounds, their acid addition salts or complexes with metal compounds, optionally together with further stabilizers, for stabilizing acid catalyzed stoving lacquers based on hot cross-linkable acrylic or alkyd resins against the action of light, moisture and oxygen.

Abstract: Cationically polymerizable compounds, for example cyclic ethers, can be thermally polymerised if an aromatic iodonium salt of the formula I[(Ar.sup.1)(Ar.sup.2)I].sup.+ [MX.sub.n ].sup.- (I)in which Ar.sup.1 Ar.sup.2, M, X and n are as defined in claim 1, is used as the catalyst and an agent which forms free radicals on heating and has the formula III or IV ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.8 and m are as defined in claim 1, for example a benzpinacol silyl ether, is used as the co-catalyst. The process is of particular importance for heat-curing epoxide resins as a one-component system.

Abstract: The use of 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine compounds or their acid addition salts or complexes with metal compounds, if desired together with further stabilizers, for stabilizing two-layer uni-lacquer coatings based on thermocrosslinkable acrylic, alkyd or polyester resins, which if desired can be crosslinked with melamine/formaldehyde resins, epoxide resins or polyisocyanates, against the action of light, humidity and oxygen. The stabilization indicated in this specification is particularly suitable for lacquer coatings on cars.

Abstract: The use of photo-initiators of the formula I or II ##STR1## in which n is 1 or 2, Ar is a monovalent or divalent aromatic radical, X is a tertiary amino group, a hydroxyl or ether group or a siloxy group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl or together are alkylene or oxa- or aza-alkylene and R.sup.3 is a direct bond or a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical, in combination with light stabilizers from the category of the polyalkylpiperidine derivatives in the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds results in polymers with high stability to light and low yellowing.

Abstract: The use of photo-initiators of the formula I ##STR1## in which Ar is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl radical which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, phenylthio or halogen, and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl or alkaryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.11 -aralkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkoxyalkyl, in combination with light stabilizers from the category of the polyalkylpiperidine derivatives in the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds results in polymers with high stability to light and a low degree of yellowing.

Abstract: s-Triazine derivatives which contain, as substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-position, at least one polyalkylpiperidine radical and at least one N-methylolamino group or an ether thereof, are effective stabilisers for plastics, in particular against light degradation. By virtue of their N-methylol group, they are able to enter into a chemical bond with many plastics and this renders them stable to migration and elution.

Abstract: Metal complexes of zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel and N-.beta.-hydroxyalkylated or .gamma.-aminoalkylated .alpha.-aminocarboxylic acids which are substituted at the .alpha.-carbon atom have excellent heat resistance, in particular a good heat resistance under oxydative influences. These complexes are also soluble in many starting components used for obtaining specific polymers. They are therefore especially suitable for obtaining copolymers which contain metal ions, for example polyesters, polyurethanes and polyamides. The copolymers can be used for manufacturing moulded articles.

Abstract: Metal complexes of zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel and N-.beta.-hydroxyalkylated or .gamma.-aminoalkylated .alpha.-aminocarboxylic acids which are substituted at the .alpha.-carbon atom have excellent heat resistance, in particular a good heat resistance under oxydative influences. These complexes are also soluble in many starting components used for obtaining specific polymers. They are therefore especially suitable for obtaining copolymers which contain metal ions, for example polyesters, polyurethanes and polyamides. The copolymers can be used for manufacturing moulded articles.