Abstract: Silanes of the general formula are prepared, wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the molecule are the same or different and represent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon groups, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbon group with 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a lateral hydroxyl group, wherein the hydrocarbon group can be interrupted by an ether oxygen, R5 is a hydrophilic, ionic group. A method for synthesizing these compounds is described. The silanes greatly lower the surface tension of aqueous solutions, the surface tension being reduced to values of about 23 mN/m. The silanes are biologically degradable and have pronounced surfactant properties.

Abstract: Silanes of the general formula are prepared, wherein R1, R2 and R3 in the molecule are the same or different and represent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon groups, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbon group with 4 to 12 carbon atoms and a lateral hydroxyl group, wherein the hydrocarbon group can be interrupted by an ether oxygen, R5 is a hydrophilic, ionic group. A method for synthesizing these compounds is described. The silanes greatly lower the surface tension or aqueous solutions, the surface tension being reduced to values of about 23 mN/m. The silanes are biologically degradable and have pronounced surfactant properties.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of dialkylmagnesium compounds is disclosed, wherein magnesium hydride is reacted with an olefin in the presence of a halide of sub-groups IV to VIII of the Periodic Table and in the presence of an ether as reaction medium at a temperature of about between 1 to 300 bar and in a temperature range of about 0.degree. to 200.degree. C. According to the disclosed invention, the magnesium hydride is activated by grinding to a particle size of .ltoreq.10 .mu.m and the method is carried out in the absence of complex catalysts. The grinding of the magnesium hydride takes place prior to the reaction with the olefin, but may also be conducted during the reaction.

Abstract: Novel organopolysiloxanes are disclosed which comprise ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is methyl or phenyl, with the proviso that at least 90% of R.sup.1 is methyl; andR.sup.2 is(a) R.sup.1,(b) linear or branched alkinoxy with 3 to 25 carbon atoms, or(c) a polyalcohol with 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups from which the H-atom of the OH-groups is eliminated, with all but one of the OH-groups being etherified with allyl alcohol.The siloxanes must meet the conditions that at least one--C.tbd.C-- group is contained in the average molecule and that the numerical ratio of the --C.tbd.C-- group to the allyl ether groups is 5:1 to 1:250.The novel organopolysiloxanes, mixed with hydrogenpolysiloxanes and a catalyst, are stable at room temperatures and cure rapidly at elevated temperatures. The cured mixtures have adhesive properties and exhibit no malfunctions due to migration of portions not linked chemically. A process for preparing the organopolysiloxanes is also disclosed.

Abstract: Particles less than 100 .mu.m in size and modified by hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups wherein the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are distributed anisotropically on the surface of the modified particles. Processes for the preparation of such particles and the use of such particles as surface active products, especially for stabilizing or destablizing emulsions and foams as well as for tertiary oil recovery.