Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a monolith composed of a catalytically inert material with low BET surface area and a catalyst layer which has been applied to the monolith and comprises, on an oxidic support material, at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of the noble metals of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, optionally tin and/or rhenium, and optionally further metals, wherein the thickness of the catalyst layer is 5 to 500 micrometers.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene oxide comprising reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst to give a mixture (G1) comprising propylene oxide, unreacted propene, and oxygen; separating propylene oxide from mixture (G1) to give a mixture (GII) comprising propene and oxygen; and adding hydrogen to mixture (GII) and reducing the oxygen comprised in mixture (GII) at least partially by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper in elemental and/or oxidic form on a support, wherein copper is present on the support in an amount of 30 to 80 wt.-% based on the whole catalyst and calculated as CuO.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production of catalyst particles, comprising platinum and tin and also at least one further element, selected from lanthanum and cesium, on zirconium dioxide as support, comprising the steps: preparation of one or more solutions containing precursor compounds of Pt, Sn and at least one further element of La or Cs and also ZrO2, converting the solution(s) to an aerosol, bringing the aerosol into a directly or indirectly heated pyrolysis zone, carrying out pyrolysis, and separation of the particles formed from the pyrolysis gas. Suitable precursor compounds comprise zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate, lanthanum(II) acetylacetonate and cesium acetate, hexamethyldisiloxane, tin 2-ethylhexanoate, platinum acetylacetonate, zirconium(IV) propylate in n-propanol and lanthanum(II) acetylacetonate. The invention also relates to the catalyst particles obtainable using the method according to the invention, and to the use thereof as dehydrogenation catalysts.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a composite material which consists, on its side in contact with the reaction chamber, of a steel B with specific elemental composition which, on its side facing away from the reaction chamber, either directly or via an intermediate layer of copper, or of nickel, or of copper and nickel, is plated onto a steel A with specific elemental composition, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: A shell which encloses an interior and has at least one first orifice for feeding at least one gas stream into the interior and at least one second orifice for withdrawing a gas stream fed to the interior beforehand via the at least one first orifice from the interior, the surface of the shell, on its side in contact with the interior, being manufactured at least partly, in a layer thickness of at least 1 mm, from a steel which has a specific elemental composition, and in the interior, a process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is carried out in a reactor which is manufactured from the steel on its side in contact with the reaction gas.

Abstract: A reactor in the form of an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith is disclosed herein. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, gastight in the circumferential direction and open at two end faces of the housing into an inner region, having one or more catalytically active zones. In each case, a packing composed of monoliths may be stacked on top of one another, next to one another, and above one another and before each catalytically active zone. Also in each case, a mixing zone having solid internals and an outer region arranged coaxially to the inner region are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production of catalyst particles, comprising platinum and tin and also at least one further element, selected from lanthanum and cesium, on zirconium dioxide as support, comprising the steps: preparation of one or more solutions containing precursor compounds of Pt, Sn and at least one further element of La or Cs and also ZrO2, converting the solution(s) to an aerosol, bringing the aerosol into a directly or indirectly heated pyrolysis zone, carrying out pyrolysis, and separation of the particles formed from the pyrolysis gas. Suitable precursor compounds comprise zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate, lanthanum(II) acetylacetonate and cesium acetate, hexamethyldisiloxane, tin 2-ethylhexanoate, platinum acetylacetonate, zirconium(IV) propylate in n-propanol and lanthanum(II) acetylacetonate. The invention also relates to the catalyst particles obtainable using the method according to the invention, and to the use thereof as dehydrogenation catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams, which reactor comprises a tube through which the stream to be treated flows, wherein, in the tube, there are arranged at least one light source, at least one flat means M1 provided with at least one photocatalytically active material and at least one flat means M2 reflecting the light radiation radiated by the at least one light source, wherein the reflecting surface of the at least one means M2 and the inner wall of the tube are at an angle greater than or equal to 0°, in such a manner that the light exiting from the light source is reflected by the at least one means M2 onto the photocatalytically active material, and to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams by irradiation with light in the reactor according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for long-term operation of a continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated, in which a reaction gas mixture stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a molar starting amount KW is conducted through an overall catalyst bed comprising the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst and the deactivation of the overall catalyst bed is counteracted in such a way that, with increasing operating time, the contribution to the conversion in the first third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction decreases, the contribution to the conversion in the last third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction increases, and the contribution to the conversion in the second third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction passes through a maximum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating material comprising (A) at least one binder as component (A) and (B) at least one photocatalytically active particle comprising a core composed of at least one first substance having a diameter of 0.1 to 1 ?m and at least one envelope at least partly surrounding the core and composed of at least one second substance having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 nm as component (B).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production of catalyst particles, comprising platinum and tin and also at least one further element, selected from lanthanum and cesium, on zirconium dioxide as support, comprising the steps: preparation of one or more solutions containing precursor compounds of Pt, Sn and at least one further element of La or Cs and also ZrO2, converting the solution(s) to an aerosol, bringing the aerosol into a directly or indirectly heated pyrolysis zone, carrying out pyrolysis, and separation of the particles formed from the pyrolysis gas. Suitable precursor compounds comprise zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate, lanthanum(II) acetylacetonate and cesium acetate, hexamethyldisiloxane, tin 2-ethylhexanoate, platinum acetylacetonate, zirconium(IV) propylate in n-propanol and lanthanum(II) acetylacetonate. The invention also relates to the catalyst particles obtainable using the method according to the invention, and to the use thereof as dehydrogenation catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of production of catalyst support particles, containing zirconium dioxide and optionally silicon oxide, comprising the steps (i) preparation of a solution containing precursor compounds of zirconium dioxide and optionally of silicon dioxide, (ii) converting the solution(s) to an aerosol, (iii) bringing the aerosol into a directly or indirectly heated pyrolysis zone, (iv) carrying out pyrolysis, and (v) separation of the catalyst particles formed from the pyrolysis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams, which reactor comprises a tube through which the stream to be treated flows, wherein, in the tube, there are arranged at least one light source, at least one flat means M1 provided with at least one photocatalytically active material and at least one flat means M2 reflecting the light radiation radiated by the at least one light source, wherein the reflecting surface of the at least one means M2 and the inner wall of the tube are at an angle greater than or equal to 0°, in such a manner that the light exiting from the light source is reflected by the at least one means M2 onto the photocatalytically active material, and to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams by irradiation with light in the reactor according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a catalyst bed deactivated in the course of a heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon, in which a gas comprising molecular oxygen is conducted at elevated temperature through the deactivated catalyst bed and, in the course of the regeneration, the content of molecular oxygen in the regeneration gas is increased repeatedly and the increase in the carbon oxide content of the regeneration gas as it flows through the deactivated catalyst bed is restricted to values of ?5% by volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a photocatalyst P comprising a substrate, coated with at least one photocatalytically active metal oxide, and at least one cocatalyst, comprising at least the steps: (A) electrochemical treatment of the at least one substrate with an electrolyte comprising at least one precursor compound of the at least one photocatalytically active metal oxide in order to obtain a substrate coated with at least one photocatalytically active metal oxide and (B) photochemical treatment of the substrate, coated with at least one photocatalytically active metal oxide, in a further electrolyte comprising at least one precursor compound of the at least one cocatalyst in order to obtain the photocatalyst P.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of a contaminant-containing stream by bringing the stream to be purified into contact with a heterogeneous photocatalyst with irradiation with light, where the bringing into contact takes place in the presence of at least one compound dissolved in the stream and comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and mixtures thereof, and to the use of a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the purification of a contaminant-containing stream, where, in the stream to be purified, at least one compound comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and mixtures thereof is present in dissolved form.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene oxide comprising reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst to give a mixture (G1) comprising propylene oxide, unreacted propene, and oxygen; separating propylene oxide from mixture (G1) to give a mixture (GII) comprising propene and oxygen; and adding hydrogen to mixture (GII) and reducing the oxygen comprised in mixture (GII) at least partially by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper in elemental and/or oxidic form on a support, wherein copper is present on the support in an amount of 30 to 80 wt.-% based on the whole catalyst and calculated as CuO.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a monolith composed of a catalytically inert material with low BET surface area and a catalyst layer which has been applied to the monolith and comprises, on an oxidic support material, at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of the noble metals of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, optionally tin and/or rhenium, and optionally further metals, wherein the thickness of the catalyst layer is 5 to 500 micrometers.

Abstract: A process for preparing butadiene, comprising A) providing a stream (a) comprising n-butane; B) feeding stream (a) comprising into at least one first dehydrogenation zone and nonoxidatively catalytically dehydrogenating n-butane to obtain a stream (b) comprising n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen and low-boiling secondary constituents; C) feeding stream (b) and an oxygenous gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butane, 1-butene and 2-butene to obtain a stream (c) comprising n-butane, 2-butene, butadiene, low-boiling secondary constituents, carbon oxides and steam, wherein stream (c) has a higher content of butadiene than stream (b); D) removing the low-boiling secondary constituents and steam to obtain a stream (d) substantially consisting of n-butane, 2-butene and butadiene; E) separating stream (d) into a stream (e1) consisting substantially of n-butane and 2-butene and a stream (e2) consisting substantially of butadiene by extractive distillation

Abstract: A reactor (1) in the form of an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream (2) by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream (3) to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith (4), wherein the interior of the reactor (1) is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing G which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) and is gastight in the circumferential direction and open at two end faces of the housing into an inner region A having one or more catalytically active zones (5), in which in each case a packing composed of monoliths (4) stacked on top of one another, next to one another and above one another and before each catalytically active zone (5) in each case a mixing zone (6) having solid internals are provided, and an outer region B arranged coaxially to the inner region A, is proposed.