Abstract: Integrated circuit interconnect structures including a niobium-based barrier material. In some embodiments, a layer of essentially niobium may be sputter deposited, for example to a thickness of less than 8 nm at a bottom of an interconnect via. A copper-based fill material may then be deposited over the niobium barrier material. Integrated circuit interconnect metallization may comprise some layers of metallization that have a tantalum-based barrier and other layers of metallization that have a niobium-based barrier.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first interconnect structure above a substrate, a memory device above and coupled with the first interconnect structure in a memory region. The memory device includes a non-volatile memory element, an electrode on the non-volatile memory element, and a metallization structure on a portion of the electrode. The apparatus further includes a second interconnect structure in a logic region above the substrate, where the second interconnect structure is laterally distant from the first interconnect structure. The logic region further includes a second metallization structure coupled to the second interconnect structure and a conductive structure between the second metallization structure and the second interconnect structure. The apparatus further includes a dielectric spacer that extends from the memory device to the conductive structure.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes: a front end of line (FEOL) circuit including a transistor; and a back end of line circuit above the FEOL circuit and including insulator material having an interconnect feature therein. The interconnect feature includes: a core including copper; a first layer between the insulator material and the core, the first layer being distinct from the core; a second layer between the first layer and the core, the second layer being distinct from the first layer and the core, the second layer including a first metal and a second metal different from the first metal; and a capping member on the core and the second layer, the capping member including the second metal. In an embodiment, the first metal and the second metal are part of a solid solution in the second layer. In an embodiment, the first metal is ruthenium and the second metal is cobalt.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes: a front end of line (FEOL) circuit including a transistor; and a back end of line circuit above the FEOL circuit and including insulator material having an interconnect feature therein. The interconnect feature includes: a core including copper; a first layer between the insulator material and the core, the first layer being distinct from the core; a second layer between the first layer and the core, the second layer being distinct from the first layer and the core, the second layer including a first metal and a second metal different from the first metal; and a capping member on the core and the second layer, the capping member including the second metal. In an embodiment, the first metal and the second metal are part of a solid solution in the second layer. In an embodiment, the first metal is ruthenium and the second metal is cobalt.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are in the field of integrated circuit structure fabrication. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a first conductive interconnect line in a first inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer above a substrate, a second conductive interconnect line in a second ILD layer above the first ILD layer, and a conductive via coupling the first conductive interconnect line and the second conductive interconnect line, the conductive via having a single, nitrogen-free tantalum (Ta) barrier layer. In another example, a method of fabricating an integrated circuit structure includes forming a partial trench in an inter-layer dielectric (ILD layer, the ILD layer on an etch stop layer, etching a hanging via that lands on the etch stop layer, and performing a breakthrough etch through the etch stop layer to form a trench and via opening in the ILD layer and the etch stop layer.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first interconnect structure above a substrate, a memory device above and coupled with the first interconnect structure in a memory region. The memory device includes a non-volatile memory element, an electrode on the non-volatile memory element, and a metallization structure on a portion of the electrode. The apparatus further includes a second interconnect structure in a logic region above the substrate, where the second interconnect structure is laterally distant from the first interconnect structure. The logic region further includes a second metallization structure coupled to the second interconnect structure and a conductive structure between the second metallization structure and the second interconnect structure. The apparatus further includes a dielectric spacer that extends from the memory device to the conductive structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure is disclosed. The semiconductor structure includes back end layers that include a first metallization layer, a second metallization layer, and a scalable resistor between the first metallization layer and the second metallization layer. The semiconductor structure also includes front end layers.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an apparatus comprising: a transistor formed on a substrate; and a metal interconnect formed in a dielectric layer above the transistor, wherein: the interconnect comprises a copper layer and a barrier layer that separates the copper layer from the dielectric layer, and the barrier layer comprises tantalum and niobium. Other embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes: a front end of line (FEOL) circuit including a transistor; and a back end of line circuit above the FEOL circuit and including insulator material having an interconnect feature therein. The interconnect feature includes: a core including copper; a first layer between the insulator material and the core, the first layer being distinct from the core; a second layer between the first layer and the core, the second layer being distinct from the first layer and the core, the second layer including a first metal and a second metal different from the first metal; and a capping member on the core and the second layer, the capping member including the second metal. In an embodiment, the first metal and the second metal are part of a solid solution in the second layer. In an embodiment, the first metal is ruthenium and the second metal is cobalt.

Abstract: An embodiment includes a transmitter comprising: an oxide layer between a substrate and an epitaxial silicon layer; a modulator included within the silicon layer and a hybrid laser on the silicon layer; wherein (a) the silicon layer is thinner directly adjacent the modulator than directly adjacent the laser; and (b) the silicon layer comprises gratings directly under the laser and directly contacting the oxide layer. Other embodiments are described herein.