Abstract: A solar cell module includes: a solar cell comprising a perovskite solar cell; a first encapsulating material and a second encapsulating material for sealing the solar cell; a first protective member positioned on the first encapsulating material; a second protective member positioned on the second encapsulating material; and a third encapsulating material positioned on a side surface of the first encapsulating material and the second encapsulating material. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the third encapsulating material is less than the WVTR of the second encapsulating material, and the WVTR of the second encapsulating material is less than the WVTR of the first encapsulating material. Thus, it is possible to obtain the effects of securing the conversion efficiency of the solar cell module against degradation and securing reliability of the solar cell module.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrochromic inks and devices incorporating the inks as well as methods for forming the inks and the devices. The disclosed inks include a dispersion of colloidal nanocomposite particles in a liquid carrier. The colloidal nanocomposites of the disclosed inks include nanoparticle templates, e.g., silica nanoparticles, and an intrinsically conductive polymer polymerized at the template nanoparticles. The inks can include a dispersion of the colloidal nanocomposites in a liquid carrier such as an aprotic polar organic solvent. The disclosed inks can be formulated to be utilized in any desired printing process such as inkjet printing processes. Products encompassed by the invention include all-polymer electronic, optic, photonic, electro-optic, and energy devices such as sensors, OFETs, RFID tags, printed circuit board, electrochromic devices, non-volatile memory devices, photovoltaics, and the like.