Abstract: Embodiments described relate to techniques for identifying and characterizing biological structures using machine learning techniques. These techniques may be employed to enable a device to identify the particular type of tissue and/or cells (e.g., platelets, smooth muscle cells, or endothelial cells) in, for example, a biological structure, which may be a tissue or a lesion of a duct (e.g., vasculature) in an animal (e.g., a human or non-human animal), among other structures. The machine learning techniques may use raw impedance spectroscopy measurement data in addition to values derived from that raw data. In addition, the machine learning techniques may be used to select frequencies at which to measure impedance and select features to extract from the measured impedance at the selected frequencies to arrive at a small set of frequencies that allow for reliable differentiation.

Abstract: Embodiments described relate to techniques for identifying and characterizing biological structures using machine learning techniques. These techniques may be employed to enable a device to identify the particular type of tissue and/or cells (e.g., platelets, smooth muscle cells, or endothelial cells) in, for example, a biological structure, which may be a tissue or a lesion of a duct (e.g., vasculature) in an animal (e.g., a human or non-human animal), among other structures. The machine learning techniques may use raw impedance spectroscopy measurement data in addition to values derived from that raw data. In addition, the machine learning techniques may be used to select frequencies at which to measure impedance and select features to extract from the measured impedance at the selected frequencies to arrive at a small set of frequencies that allow for reliable differentiation.

Abstract: Embodiments described relate to techniques for identifying and characterizing biological structures using machine learning techniques. These techniques may be employed to enable a device to identify the particular type of tissue and/or cells (e.g., platelets, smooth muscle cells, or endothelial cells) in, for example, a biological structure, which may be a tissue or a lesion of a duct (e.g., vasculature) in an animal (e.g., a human or non-human animal), among other structures. The machine learning techniques may use raw impedance spectroscopy measurement data in addition to values derived from that raw data. In addition, the machine learning techniques may be used to select frequencies at which to measure impedance and select features to extract from the measured impedance at the selected frequencies to arrive at a small set of frequencies that allow for reliable differentiation.

Abstract: An inductive movement sensor is provided including: a transducer including a primary winding suitable for producing a magnetic excitation, and a secondary winding including at least one turn, suitable for applying an electromotive force across the terminals thereof in the presence of the excitation; and a target including at least one conductive pattern, the target being suitable for moving parallel to the transducer such as to cause variations in the surface of a portion of the pattern located opposite the at least one turn, thereby causing variations in the amplitude of the electromotive force induced in the secondary winding, in which the target-transducer distance is between 0.8 and 1.5 times the optimum target-transducer distance in terms of linearity, or the distance for which the linearity error of the curve representative of the variation in amplitude as a function of the surface variation is minimal.

Abstract: A target for an inductive displacement sensor is provided, including a plurality of conductive patterns distributed along a zone having a dimension Dtot in a direction, the patterns being defined by the overlay of at least a first set of elementary periodic patterns having a period approximately equal to Dtot/N, including N first elementary conductive patterns of a dimension approximately equal to Dtot/2N in the direction, regularly distributed along the zone, and of a second set of elementary periodic patterns having a period approximately equal to Dtot/(N+r), including N+r second elementary patterns of a dimension approximately equal to Dtot/2(N+r) in the direction, regularly distributed along the zone, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and r is a positive integer, different to zero and less than or equal to N?1, wherein first and second elementary conductive patterns overlap at least partially.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bearing including a bearing ring and an inductive angular displacement sensor of the bearing ring, which includes a transducer and a target. The target is formed from a single conductive metal part and including a face with a base wall and one or a plurality of metal studs projecting from this base wall. The target is fastened firmly to the bearing ring, or is machined directly in the bearing ring.

Abstract: Disclosed is a target for an inductive displacement sensor, including a plurality of conductive patterns distributed along a zone having a dimension Dtot in a direction, the patterns being defined by the overlay of at least a first set of elementary periodic patterns having a period approximately equal to Dtot/N, including N first elementary conductive patterns of a dimension approximately equal to Dtot/2N in the direction, regularly distributed along the zone, and of a second set of elementary periodic patterns having a period approximately equal to Dtot/(N+r), including N+r second elementary patterns of a dimension approximately equal to Dtot/2(N+r) in the direction, regularly distributed along the zone, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and r is a positive integer, different to zero and less than or equal to N?1, wherein first and second elementary conductive patterns overlap at least partially.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bearing including a bearing ring and an inductive angular displacement sensor of the bearing ring, which includes a transducer and a target. The target is formed from a single conductive metal part and including a face with a base wall and one or a plurality of metal studs projecting from this base wall. The target is fastened firmly to the bearing ring, or is machined directly in the bearing ring.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inductive movement sensor including: a transducer including a primary winding suitable for producing a magnetic excitation, and a secondary winding including at least one turn, suitable for applying an electromotive force across the terminals thereof in the presence of the excitation; and a target including at least one conductive pattern, the target being suitable for moving parallel to the transducer such as to cause variations in the surface of a portion of the pattern located opposite the at least one turn, thereby causing variations in the amplitude of the electromotive force induced in the secondary winding, in which the target-transducer distance is between 0.8 and 1.5 times the optimum target-transducer distance in terms of linearity, or the distance for which the linearity error of the curve representative of the variation in amplitude as a function of the surface variation is minimal.

Abstract: An electricity generator including a first converter suitable for converting a variation of an energy to be harvested into a corresponding excess of electrical charges. The generator includes a circuit for collecting the excess of electrical charges, the circuit has a first controllable mechanical switch, and a control device for the first switch designed to control the switching of the switch to its closed position when the excess of electrical charges exceeds a first predetermined threshold. The switch is a magnetic switch and the control device comprises a variable magnetic field source which controls the switching of the first switch to its closed position only at the time when the excess of electrical charges exceeds the first predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An energy harvester includes a circuit for collecting an excess of electrical charges on a first connection terminal, wherein the circuit is equipped with a first controllable mechanical switch, and a control device for the first switch. There is a transducer suitable for directly transforming, without consuming the excess of electrical charges present on the first connection terminal, the variation of the energy to be harvested into a mechanical deformation which displaces the first switch from its open position to its closed position.

Abstract: An energy harvester includes a circuit for collecting an excess of electrical charges on a first connection terminal, wherein the circuit is equipped with a first controllable mechanical switch, and a control device for the first switch. There is a transducer suitable for directly transforming, without consuming the excess of electrical charges present on the first connection terminal, the variation of the energy to be harvested into a mechanical deformation which displaces the first switch from its open position to its closed position.

Abstract: An electricity generator including a first converter suitable for converting a variation of an energy to be harvested into a corresponding excess of electrical charges. The generator includes a circuit for collecting the excess of electrical charges, the circuit has a first controllable mechanical switch, and a control device for the first switch designed to control the switching of the switch to its closed position when the excess of electrical charges exceeds a first predetermined threshold. The switch is a magnetic switch and the control device comprises a variable magnetic field source which controls the switching of the first switch to its closed position only at the time when the excess of electrical charges exceeds the first predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A magnetic field vector sensor includes a substrate parallel to a plane, a support mobile relative to it and rotatable about a vertical rotation axis perpendicular to it, a magnetic field source generating a field having a moment in a non-perpendicular direction, the source being fixed to the support with no degree-of-freedom to exert torque on the support when a field to be measured is present, the field being non-collinear with the moment, a transducer to convert torque exerted on the support into a field amplitude of a component of the field along a measurement axis in the plane, wherein the source comprises a magnetostrictive permanent magnet for generating the field having a moment whose direction varies with stress on the magnet, and wherein the sensor further comprises a controllable device to reversibly modify the moment direction, and a stress generator to vary stress and hence moment direction.

Abstract: A magnetic field vector sensor includes a substrate parallel to a plane, a support mobile relative to it and rotatable about a vertical rotation axis perpendicular to it, a magnetic field source generating a field having a moment in a non-perpendicular direction, the source being fixed to the support with no degree-of-freedom to exert torque on the support when a field to be measured is present, the field being non-collinear with the moment, a transducer to convert torque exerted on the support into a field amplitude of a component of the field along a measurement axis in the plane, wherein the source comprises a magnetostrictive permanent magnet for generating the field having a moment whose direction varies with stress on the magnet, and wherein the sensor further comprises a controllable device to reversibly modify the moment direction, and a stress generator to vary stress and hence moment direction.