Abstract: The temperature of a flowing material, such as coating and filling materials, is regulated by having it pass through a metal block that is cooled or heated by adjacent thermoelectric elements. A temperature regulator uses, as inputs, a desired material temperature (T—ref) as well as one or more of a set of temperature signals including temperature signals measured at the inlet and outlet to the block, and internally within a cooling arrangement adjacent to the block. The temperature of the material downstream from the regulator, that is, the temperature to be regulated, is either measured directly or is estimated as a function of the other measured and input signals.

Abstract: A system for spraying an at least substantially fluid material has a source providing a controllable flow of the material to be sprayed; a dosing unit that receives the flow of material from the source, that holds a quantity of the material in a reservoir, and that outputs the material to a dispensing device; and a control arrangement that has as an input signal an indication of a fill level of the reservoir and that outputs a flow control signal to the source such that the fill level in the reservoir is maintained less than a maximum level and greater than a minimum level when the dispensing device is active. The dosing unit thereby forms an active accumulator able to both receive material from the source and deliver material to the dispensing device at the same time.

Abstract: In a device for accomplishing a method of regulating the spraying of coating material such as paint, the coating material is fed by a pump (1) to a spray device (2). A flow transducer (4), which generates a true flow signal (Q.sub.A), a pressure transducer (6), which generates a true pressure signal (P.sub.A), and an actuator (5), which sets the pressure of the coating material in accordance with the control pressure signal (P.sub.C), are provided in the supply line between the pump and the spray device. A co-efficient signal (K) is formed by an estimator (8) as a function of the true flow signal (Q.sub.A) and a chosen set-point flow signal (Q.sub.R). An adaptor (7) determines a set-point pressure signal (P.sub.R) as a function of the set-point flow signal and the co-efficient signal. A pressure regulation circuit (9) determines the control pressure signal (P.sub.C) as a function of the set-point pressure signal and the true pressure signal.

Abstract: Chemimechanical pulp is produced from lignocellulosic material in a process in which the material is impregnated in two stages. The material is treated in the first stage with alkaline and, subsequent to passing an intermediate draining and reaction step, in the second stage with a solution that contains peroxide. The quantities of alkali and peroxide charged are fully optional and are independent of one another. The material is then optionally subjected to a further drainage and reaction step, and thereafter pre-heated at a temperature of between 50.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., whereafter the material is refined in one or two stages.The optimal brightness of the processed pulp for a given peroxide consumption is achieved by a balanced division of the peroxide charge between chip impregnation and bleaching.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention a chemimechanical pulp is produced from lignocellulosic material, for example wood chips, by subjecting the material to a process in which it is steamed, impregnated with alkali and peroxide, drained, pre-heated, refined and bleached. The material is impregnated in a single stage with a solution containing alkali and peroxide. Subsequent to passing an intermediate drainage and reaction stage, the material is pre-heated to a temperature of from about 50.degree. C., but not above 100.degree. C. The material is then refined in one or two stages. The material can be impregnated by immersing the same in the impregnating solution for a period of up to 20 minutes at a temperature of 15.degree.-60.degree. C., or by compressing the material in a screw press and permitting the compressed material to expand in the impregnating solution.