Abstract: An air bubble (23) in the core (3) of an optical fiber (1, 1') constitutes a broad band reflector to light waves propagated in the fiber. A fiber end (3) is first stripped and cut in the conventional way, after which in the end surface, a pit (13) in the core region is produced by etching. The fiber end is therefor treated with e.g. diluted hydrofluoric acid, that etches the higher doped core (3) more rapidly than the cladding (5). The etched fiber end (1) is then welded to a standard fiber so that a splice (21) is obtained where the desired air bubble (23) is enclosed in the fiber core. The magnitude of the reflectance of the produced reflector can then be changed by repeated heating steps, in the same way as in welding, of the splice (21) and/or by filling the bubble (23) with another medium than air or by coating one of its walls with a suitable material, e.g. a metal.

Abstract: For improving mechanical characteristics of an aged optical glass fiber, the segment is retained between clamps, e.g. in a conventional splicing machine. Then the segment is heated to a high temperature in the vicinity of the softening temperature or melt temperature of the glass material of the fiber by means of an infrared light beam from a carbon dioxide laser or by an electric arc generated between the welding electrodes. In particular, the tensile strength is increased considerably by this procedure, what allows that the heated segment can be handled and exposed to the operative steps required for splicing the fiber to another optical fiber. Then also old fibers arranged in the ground can be repaired and spliced, and it is not necessary to replace whole lengths of old fibers.