Abstract: A device for determining the presence of a single cell and/or determining a state of a single cell includes a first nanotube disposed on a first electrode, and a second nanotube disposed on a second electrode, wherein the first and second nanotubes are spaced apart at a length that is smaller than a cell size to be detected. A method for determining the presence of a single biological cell includes sensing impedance between a first nanotube and a second nanotube. A method of manufacturing includes providing a nanotube, providing an electrode coated with an insulating material, wherein an aperture is defined in the insulating material through to the electrode, and using electrophoresis deposition to deposit a nanotube within the aperture and in electrical communication with the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved shunt system for draining CSF. The system includes a removable sheath for reduction of catheter clogging during shunt insertion, a catheter with relatively large holes, an extracranial filter to allow non-invasive filter replacement, and a wireless flow/pressure meter to monitor and control CSF flow.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved shunt system for draining CSF. The system includes a removable sheath for reduction of catheter clogging during shunt insertion, a catheter with relatively large holes, an extracranial filter to allow non-invasive filter replacement, and a wireless flow/pressure meter to monitor and control CSF flow.

Abstract: Tonometers are disclosed for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) and having an ocular probe movable a predetermined distance in a linear manner by a motor against the closed eyelid of a patient's test eye, a distance sensor configured to monitor the probe position as the probe is moved against the eyelid and provide a distance measurement, a mechanism for aligning the probe with the center of the cornea underneath the closed eyelid, and a force sensor configured to measure force on the ocular probe as it is moved against the closed eyelid by the motor and provide a force measurement, wherein a value indicative of IOP of the test eye is determined from the force and distance measurements. Methods for measuring IOP using the inventive tonometers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for optically identifying a product from a reference library of known products based on a reflected spectrum of the product. A broad wavelength light source illuminates the product and a spectrometer receives and forms a plurality of finely spaced wavelengths from the reflected spectrum. A detector optically processes the wavelengths to generate signals proportional to an amount of light received at each of the wavelengths. The signals are normalized and pre-processed to form data sets which relates each of the signals to each of the finely spaced wavelengths. This is performed for all of the different products and compiled. A set of basis functions is then generated for all of the different products and a corresponding set of basis coefficients is generated for each of the different products. This information, along with an electronic label for each product, is stored to form the reference library.

Abstract: Applicant has discovered that aliovalently doped zinc-indium-oxide where In is 40-75% of the metal elements can achieve electrical conductivity comparable to wide band-gap semiconductors presently in use while exhibiting enhanced transparency in both the visible and infrared. The material can be doped to resistivity of less than 1 milliohm-cm by small quantifies of aliovalent dopants, such as tetravalent atoms. It can be deposited on glass substrates in amorphous and polycrystalline films.

Abstract: Applicants have discovered that films of conductively doped GaInO.sub.3 grown on substrates by pulsed laser deposition have conductivity comparable to conventional wide band-gap transparent conductors while exhibiting superior light transmission, particularly in the green and blue wavelength regions of the visible spectrum. Substrate temperatures ranged from room temperature to 350.degree. C. in an ambient containing oxygen at partial pressure in the range 0.1 mTorr to 100 mTorr. The preferred laser source was an excimer laser operating in the deep ultraviolet.

Abstract: Rare-earth doped single-crystal amplifiers serve to simultaneously amplify member channels of an optical fiber WDM system. A tailored amplification bandwidth sufficient for this purpose is the result of a variety of "defects" which after the local crystal field as "seen" by dopant ions.

Abstract: Applicants have discovered that films of conductively doped GaInO.sub.3 grown on substrates by sputter deposition have conductivity comparable to conventional wide band-gap transparent conductors while exhibiting superior light transmission, particularly in the green and blue wavelength regions of the visible spectrum. Substrate temperatures ranged from 100.degree. C. to 550.degree. C. in an argon-oxygen ambient of total pressure 4 mTorr to 20 mTorr with an optimal oxygen partial pressure in the range 0.5 to 2 mTorr.

Abstract: A method for making a glass preform substantially free of OH impurities is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of introducing a moving stream of a vapor mixture including at least one compound glass-forming precursor together with an oxidizing medium into a tube, while generating a hydrogen-free isothermal plasma on an outer surface of the tube to react the mixture and produce a glassy deposit on an inner surface of the tube. The method uses a plasma torch or a radio frequency furnace.