Abstract: Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Abstract: Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Abstract: Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Abstract: Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Abstract: A system for delivering water to a fluid electrolyte battery comprising at least one battery cell. Such a system includes a tank adapted to hold the fluid, a pump adapted to pump the fluid from the tank when the pump is turned on, at least one conduit adapted to transfer the fluid from the tank to the at least one battery cell, and a controller adapted to control the pump. The controller turns the pump on after an interval so that the fluid is transferred to the at least one battery cell.

Abstract: Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Abstract: A system for delivering water to a fluid electrolyte battery comprising at least one battery cell. Such a system includes a tank adapted to hold the fluid, a pump adapted to pump the fluid from the tank when the pump is turned on, at least one conduit adapted to transfer the fluid from the tank to the at least one battery cell, and a controller adapted to control the pump. The controller turns the pump on after an interval so that the fluid is transferred to the at least one battery cell.

Abstract: Separators for lead-acid batteries, and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The separator includes a first layer made of a rubber material and a second layer made of a polymer material.

Abstract: Capacitor pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries include lead oxide, a carbon additive, and an aqueous acid. The capacitor paste contains lead and carbon in a lead to carbon mass ratio of about 5:1 to 82:1. Hybrid negative plates for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries can be made using such pastes in combination with traditional pastes. The hybrid negative plates include a capacitor paste on a bottom portion of the plate, and a traditional paste on the remainder of the plate. Batteries using the capacitor paste and hybrid plates exhibit improved performance over batteries with conventional plates and pastes and require less overcharge to prevent electrolyte stratification.

Abstract: Positive active material pastes for flooded deep discharge lead-acid batteries, methods of making the same and lead-acid batteries including the same are provided. The positive active material paste includes lead oxide, a sulfate additive, and an aqueous acid. The positive active material paste contains from about 0.1 to about 1.0 wt % of the sulfate additive. Batteries using such positive active material pastes exhibit greatly improved performance over batteries with conventional positive active material pastes.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid tray assembly for a motive-powered vehicle such as, for example, a Class 1-3 truck, comprises a bottom tray with a base, side and back walls defining a lower and an upper cell-receiving space and a first set of short sealed lead-acid cells, typically having a height of no more than about 14 inches, vertically positioned in the lower cell-receiving space, a top tray support structure positioned in the bottom tray, and a top tray located on the top tray support and having a second set of short sealed lead-acid cells in the top tray which is located in the upper cell-receiving space of the bottom tray, the respective cells being suitably electrically connected together.

Abstract: A sealed, lead-acid cell tray assembly for powering a vehicle characterized by the ability to provide vastly superior cycle life under regimes requiring relatively deep depths of discharge comprises a tray base, upstanding tray side walls connected to the base, the base and the side walls being dimensionally configured to provide a cell enclosure area having the ability to accept at least six sealed lead-acid cells in a horizontal position, cell-receiving members positioned above the base and attached to the upstanding side walls which divide at least part of the cell enclosure area into cell compartments capable of accepting at least one sealed lead-acid cell in a horizontal position and tray covers which limit access to the cells.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery assembly for motive power vehicles is provided for. The battery tray assembly comprises a battery tray having a tray base adapted to support one or more sealed lead-acid batteries. The battery tray has three upstanding tray walls, consisting of two side walls and a front wall, which are connected to the tray base, a tray top connected to the upstanding tray walls, and one or more divider walls. The tray base, side walls, front wall, tray top, and divider wall define one or more compartments adapted to receive batteries and a compartment adapted to receive a battery charger. The battery tray has a generally open back which provides access for loading batteries into the battery compartments and for loading a charger into the charger compartment. Otherwise, the battery and charger compartments are substantially enclosed by the battery tray.