Abstract: The invention proposes a device for analyzing nucleic acid molecules (M), comprising: —a bead (20), on which one molecule can be anchored at one end, —a surface (520), on which the molecule can be anchored at the other end, —an actuator (30), adapted to cause the bead to move relative to said surface in one direction, —a sensor (50), adapted to measure a distance between the bead and the surface, the device further comprising a well (11), having an axis (X-X) extending along the direction of motion of the bead and a bottom (110) formed by said surface, said well being filled with electrically conductive solution (40), and receiving the bead, the sensor being adapted to measure an impedance of the well, depending on a distance between the bead and the surface, to determine, the distance between the bead and the surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of screening candidate binding compounds to a plurality of target nucleic acids either of the same sequence or of different sequences utilizing a device configured to detect changes in the folding and unfolding force of the target nucleic acid upon binding to various candidate binding compounds. In the presence of a plurality of nucleic acid sequences, the methods described herein also can rapidly determine the specificity of the small molecule or polypeptide to a nucleic acid structure. Also, disclosed herein are methods of measuring binding kinetics of binding compounds to a target nucleic acid using a device configured to detect changes in the folding and unfolding force of the target nucleic acid upon binding to varying concentrations of the candidate binding compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of screening candidate binding compounds to a plurality of target nucleic acids either of the same sequence or of different sequences utilizing a device configured to detect changes in the folding and unfolding force of the target nucleic acid upon binding to various candidate binding compounds. In the presence of a plurality of nucleic acid sequences, the methods described herein also can rapidly determine the specificity of the small molecule or polypeptide to a nucleic acid structure. Also, disclosed herein are methods of measuring binding kinetics of binding compounds to a target nucleic acid using a device configured to detect changes in the folding and unfolding force of the target nucleic acid upon binding to varying concentrations of the candidate binding compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of screening candidate binding compounds to a plurality of target nucleic acids either of the same sequence or of different sequences utilizing a device configured to detect changes in the folding and unfolding force of the target nucleic acid upon binding to various candidate binding compounds. In the presence of a plurality of nucleic acid sequences, the methods described herein also can rapidly determine the specificity of the small molecule or polypeptide to a nucleic acid structure. Also, disclosed herein are methods of measuring binding kinetics of binding compounds to a target nucleic acid using a device configured to detect changes in the folding and unfolding force of the target nucleic acid upon binding to varying concentrations of the candidate binding compound.

Abstract: A flow transmitter method and system involves obtaining, via a flow sensor, sensor measurements of flow characteristics of a moving medium; outputting, via a processor, a drive signal for driving a pulse output circuit to generate a pulse signal according to the sensor measurements from the sensor; and generating, via a switching circuit of a pulse output circuit, a pulse signal according to the drive signal. The method and system further involve monitoring, via a diagnostic circuit connected to the switching circuit, current corresponding to the pulse signal; and determining, via the processor, whether the output circuit is operating in a normal or abnormal state based on the drive signal from the processor and a feedback signal corresponding to the monitored current from the diagnostic circuit.

Abstract: A flow transmitter method and system involves obtaining, via a flow sensor, sensor measurements of flow characteristics of a moving medium; outputting, via a processor, a drive signal for driving a pulse output circuit to generate a pulse signal according to the sensor measurements from the sensor; and generating, via a switching circuit of a pulse output circuit, a pulse signal according to the drive signal. The method and system further involve monitoring, via a diagnostic circuit connected to the switching circuit, current corresponding to the pulse signal; and determining, via the processor, whether the output circuit is operating in a normal or abnormal state based on the drive signal from the processor and a feedback signal corresponding to the monitored current from the diagnostic circuit.

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for analyzing nucleic acid molecules (M), comprising: —a bead (20), on which one molecule can be anchored at one end, —a surface (520), on which the molecule can be anchored at the other end, —an actuator (30), adapted to cause the bead to move relative to said surface in one direction, —a sensor (50), adapted to measure a distance between the bead and the surface, the device further comprising a well (11), having an axis (X-X) extending along the direction of motion of the bead and a bottom (110) formed by said surface, said well being filled with electrically conductive solution (40), and receiving the bead, the sensor being adapted to measure an impedance of the well, depending on a distance between the bead and the surface, to determine, the distance between the bead and the surface.

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for analyzing nucleic acid molecules (M), comprising: —a bead (20), on which one molecule can be anchored at one end, —a surface (520), on which the molecule can be anchored at the other end, —an actuator (30), adapted to cause the bead to move relative to said surface in one direction, —a sensor (50), adapted to measure a distance between the bead and the surface, the device further comprising a well (11), having an axis (X-X) extending along the direction of motion of the bead and a bottom (110) formed by said surface, said well being filled with electrically conductive solution (40), and receiving the bead, the sensor being adapted to measure an impedance of the well, depending on a distance between the bead and the surface, to determine, the distance between the bead and the surface.

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for analyzing nucleic acid molecules (M), comprising: —a bead (20), on which one molecule can be anchored at one end, —a surface (520), on which the molecule can be anchored at the other end, —an actuator (30), adapted to cause the bead to move relative to said surface in one direction, —a sensor (50), adapted to measure a distance between the bead and the surface, the device further comprising a well (11), having an axis (X-X) extending along the direction of motion of the bead and a bottom (110) formed by said surface, said well being filled with electrically conductive solution (40), and receiving the bead, the sensor being adapted to measure an impedance of the well, depending on a distance between the bead and the surface, to determine, the distance between the bead and the surface.

Abstract: Various governmental agencies each utilize one of four currently available radio frequency bands to facilitate intra-agency communications. Each of the radio frequency bands includes a mutual-aid channel. In the practice of the present invention whenever a state of emergency involving a particular agency is determined, the agency is directed to tune its radio communication system to the mutual-aid channel within the radio frequency band utilized by the agency. The mutual-aid channels of all of the radio frequency bands are interconnected during the state of emergency thereby facilitating communication among all of the agencies that are affected by the emergency.

Abstract: A low power analog output circuit is disclosed that utilizes a low pass filter driven by a bit stream to render a waveshaped output signal based upon a raw digital data signal. The analog output circuit includes sequential bit pattern selection logic that receives as an input, the raw digital data signal. The analog output circuit also includes a bit pattern storage that specifies bit stream sequences that are selected in accordance with control signals generated by the state machine based upon its current state and the current raw digital data signal. The analog output circuit includes an output stage driven by a digital input signal corresponding to values provided by a bit stream sequence selected from the bit pattern storage. The output stage comprises a low pass filter circuit having an effective time constant that is greater than a hold period associated with a single bit of the bit stream sequence that drives the digital input signal.

Abstract: Various governmental agencies each utilize one of four currently available radio frequency bands to facilitate intra-agency communications. Each of the radio frequency bands includes a mutual-aid channel. In the practice of the present invention whenever a state of emergency involving a particular agency is determined, the agency is directed to tune its radio communication system to the mutual-aid channel within the radio frequency band utilized by the agency. The mutual-aid channels of all of the radio frequency bands are interconnected during the state of emergency thereby facilitating communication among all of the agencies that are affected by the emergency.

Abstract: An indirect clamping topology may be used to protect against the damaging effects of an electrostatic discharge event. An input node of a device is protected by a guard. The guard is driven by a signal from a unity-gain amplifier that flows through a resistance. The input node is clamped to the guard by a diode, and the guard is clamped to a low-impedance rail by another diode. The resistance of the low-impedance rail is less than that of the resistance through which the signal from the unity-gain amplifier flows, so that voltage resulting from the event flows to the low-impedance rail and not to the amplifier.