Abstract: This application relates to production of renewable fuels, including a method of producing renewable fuels. The method comprises hydrotreating a biofeedstock by contacting reactants comprising a combined feedstock and hydrogen with a hydrotreating catalyst to produce normal paraffins. The combined feedstock comprises a biofeedstock and an additional feedstock. The biofeedstock has about 10% or more of each of metals, phosphorous, and chlorophyll than the additional feedstock. The biofeedstock comprises the metals in an amount of about 300 parts per million (“ppm”) or less, the phosphorous in an amount of about 300 ppm or less, and the chlorophyll in an amount of about 50 ppm or less. The method further comprises isomerizing at least a portion of the normal paraffins to produce branched paraffins in an isomerization effluent.

Abstract: A nanoparticulate fertilizer is provided. The fertilizer may comprise water soluble nanoparticles having a contact area to total surface area ratio greater than 1:4. The nanoparticles may have an overall positive surface charge in water. The fertilizer may be suitable for application as a seed coat. Also provided is a method of applying a seed coat, and a method of fertilizing a plant.

Abstract: A nanoparticulate fertilizer is provided. The fertilizer may comprise water soluble nanoparticles having a contact area to total surface area ratio greater than 1:4. The nanoparticles may have an overall positive surface charge in water. The fertilizer may be suitable for application as a seed coat. Also provided is a method of applying a seed coat, and a method of fertilizing a plant.

Abstract: Nanocrystalline compounds containing essential nutrients have been synthesized to have effective physical and chemical characteristics, including a high contact surface area/total surface area ratio that provides maximal leaf surface contact, limited mobility and improved solubility, a net positive charge, soluble salt-forming groups, and reactive surface edges for cation exchange to release nutrient cationic ions into the water film on leaf surfaces.

Abstract: Nanocrystalline compounds containing essential nutrients have been synthesized to have effective physical and chemical characteristics, including a high contact surface area/total surface area ratio that provides maximal leaf surface contact, limited mobility and improved solubility, a net positive charge, soluble salt-forming groups, and reactive surface edges for cation exchange to release nutrient cationic ions into the water film on leaf surfaces.