Abstract: Coating of a substrate with an organic material, which is characterized in that it comprises liquefying by pressurization a medium which is gaseous at ordinary temperature under 1 atom and liquefies at ordinary temperature under a pressure of 100 atom or less, dissolving or dispersing an organic material in the liquefied medium, and spraying the resulting material mixture onto a substrate in an inert gas atmosphere or comprises bringing a medium having a critical temperature of ordinary temperature or lower and a critical pressure of 100 atm or less into a supercritical state, dissolving or dispersing an organic material in the medium, and spraying the resulting material mixture onto a substrate in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of forming column signals for driving a liquid crystal display apparatus having a plurality of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes wherein a plurality of the row electrodes are selected as a batch; the column electrodes are applied with voltages based on orthogonal transformation signals which are obtained by transforming picture signals corresponding to the positions of the simultaneously selected row electrodes on a panel by an orthogonal function, and the row electrodes are applied with the voltages based on the orthogonal transformation signals; the formation of column signals from the picture signals corresponding to the positions of the simultaneously selected row electrodes on the panel includes a serial-parallel transforming step of transforming inputted picture signals into those having a predetermined bit length, a writing/reading step of reading the picture signals having a predetermined bit length after the picture signals have once been written in a memory; and an operati

Abstract: A display apparatus in which the light transmittance of a pixel selected by a scanning electrode and a data electrode is changed in correspondence with a difference of voltages applied to the scanning electrode and the data electrode has a display panel having a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes, a signified video signal forming device for forming signified video signals by distributing digital video signals in a picture to subpictures having the same number as bits each having a bit significance; an orthogonal function generator for generating orthogonal function signals having substantial orthogonality; an orthogonal transformation signal generator for receiving the signified video signals and the orthogonal function signals to operate and output data signals; a scanning voltage generator for receiving scanning signals to apply scanning voltages to the scanning electrodes of the display panel; and a data voltage generator for receiving data signals to apply data voltages to

Abstract: A display apparatus wherein the light transmittance of a pixel selected by a scanning electrode and a data electrode is changed in response to the difference of voltages applied to the scanning electrode and the data electrode, which comprises a display panel having a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes, a scanning voltage generator for applying a scanning voltage to the scanning electrodes of the display panel by receiving a scanning signal, a data voltage generator for applying a data voltage to the data electrodes of the display panel by receiving a data signal, an orthogonal function generator for generating an orthogonal function signal having substantially orthogonality, and a data signal forming circuit for operating the data signal based on a predetermined video signal and the orthogonal function signal generated from the orthogonal function generator, wherein the data signal forming circuit includes a field video signal converter for distributing signals for a single p