Abstract: A solution component recovery method, a solution component recovery apparatus, and an impregnation process/impregnation component recovery system for separating a first component from a second component. The separation between the first and second components is accomplished by reducing the pressure on a solution that contains the first component, which results in the solidification of the first component in the solution at a temperature that is equal to or higher than a predetermined solidification temperature. The second component, in which the first component is dissolved, is evaporated at a temperature range that is less than the predetermined solidification temperature. The evaporated second component is then recovered by a cooling step.

Abstract: A solution component recovery method, a solution component recovery apparatus, and an impregnation process/impregnation component recovery system for separating a first component from a second component. The separation between the first and second components is accomplished by reducing the pressure on a solution that contains the first component, which results in the solidification of the first component in the solution at a temperature that is equal to or higher than a predetermined solidification temperature. The second component, in which the first component is dissolved, is evaporated at a temperature range that is less than the predetermined solidification temperature. The evaporated second component is then recovered by a cooling step.

Abstract: Arrangement for measuring physico-chemical properties of liquid, such as solutions, dispersions and emulsions. The arrangement comprises a light source for producing and emitting light in the liquid, a detector for detecting said light after being scattered by said liquid, processing means arranged for receiving an output signal from said detector. The processing means is further arranged to calculate a maximum value of the mean square displacement <&Dgr;rm2> from the autocorrelation function g(2) as a function of time and the value of the property from said calculated maximum value of the mean square displacement <&Dgr;rm2>.

Abstract: Optical pulses emitted from an optical pulse source is incident on a living tissue and is input to an optical sampling unit. An optical sampling unit detects intensities, f, of optical pulses detected at the respective timings of trigger signals input from a delay unit. A first accumulator calculates products, t.multidot.f, of the intensities f and the delay times t from the delay unit. A second accumulator accumulates the light intensities f. An average optical pathlength calculating unit calculates an average optical pathlength using the accumulation results as the products t.multidot.f and the intensities f. An SO.sub.2 value calculating unit calculates a ratio of V.sub.HbO2 to V.sub.Hb from the average optical pathlength to calculate an SO.sub.2 value.