Abstract: Making a larger difference in water activity between electrodes elevates an output voltage of an electrochemical element. The electrochemical element includes a solid electrolyte membrane 5 made of a solid electrolyte and possessing a hydrogen ion conductivity, a first electrode 6 formed on one side of the solid electrolyte membrane 5 and functioning as a catalyst and possessing a hydrophilic property, and a second electrode 7 formed on the other side of the solid electrolyte membrane 5 and functioning as a catalyst and possessing a water-repellent property.

Abstract: A water-repellent coating has tetrafluoroethylene resin powder, silicone resin binder, and organic solvent. The tetrafluoroethylene resin powder has a ratio of the peak absorbance at 1,800 cm−1 to the peak absorbance at 500 cm−1 of 0.0001 to 0.05 exclusive. A coating film is formed by applying such a coating on a substrate. The coating has the properties of high water repellency, excellent anti-ice-coating, excellent anti-snow-coating, and so on, in spite of not having a large amount of fluororesin powder. In addition, the coating of film keeps the water repellency regardless of whether the coating film is immersed into water for a long time.

Abstract: Making a larger difference in water activity between electrodes elevates an output voltage of an electrochemical element. The electrochemical element includes a solid electrolyte membrane 5 made of a solid electrolyte and possessing a hydrogen ion conductivity, a first electrode 6 formed on one side of the solid electrolyte membrane 5 and functioning as a catalyst and possessing a hydrophilic property, and a second electrode 7 formed on the other side of the solid electrolyte membrane 5 and functioning as a catalyst and possessing a water-repellent property.

Abstract: A water-repellent coating has tetrafluoroethylene resin powder, silicone resin binder, and organic solvent. The tetrafluoroethylene resin powder has a ratio of the peak absorbance at 1,800 cm−1 to the peak absorbance at 500 cm −1 of 0.0001 to 0.05 exclusive. A coating film is formed by applying such a coating on a substrate. The coating has the properties of high water repellency, excellent anti-ice-coating, excellent anti-snow-coating, and so on, in spite of not having a large amount of fluororesin powder. In addition, the coating of film keeps the water repellency regardless of whether the coating film is immersed into water for a long time.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon polymer coating composition and coating film include a fluorocarbon polymer powder, a binder and an additive comprised by a substance having a surface free energy smaller than that of the binder. The coating composition and coating film have improved resistance to deterioration with time of the water repellent properties of the film.

Abstract: An anode material for use in lithium based electrical cells is described. The anode material comprises a fine and uniform dispersion of second phase particles in lithium. The particles have an average particle size from about 0.5 .mu.M to about 40 .mu.M and are present at a concentration ranging from about 0.1 At % to about 10 At %. The anode material exhibits a reduction in dentrite and mossy Li formation, while maintaining the necessary mechanical properties of the material for easy working. The new anode demonstrates excellent cell performance and thermal stability.

Abstract: An aluminum film is formed on the surface of a substrate magnesium or magnesium alloy, and the resulting product is heated in a non-oxidizing or reducing gas having a high hydrostatic pressure at a temperature ranging from the eutectic point of the magnesium or magnesium alloy and the different metal to a temperature at or below which neither of the magnesium or magnesium alloy and the different metal is molten. This treatment provides a boundary layer between the aluminum film and the magnesium or magnesium alloy. This boundary layer is free from pinholes running from the interface of the aluminum film and the boundary layer to the magnesium or magnesium alloy ground. This surface-treated magnesium or magnesium alloy has excellent corrosion resistance surface electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and heat shock resistance.

Abstract: An oxidized film is formed on the surface of Mg or an Mg alloy, and a thermosetting resin film is formed on the oxidized film. A conductive film is further formed on the thermosetting film. The surface film of the Mg or Mg alloy thus surface-treated has a strong adhesion to the Mg or Mg alloy. The surface-treated Mg or Mg alloy has an excellent corrosion resistance, an excellent heat shock resistance, and a high surface conductivity.

Abstract: An electrical contact material and method of producing the same are provided. The material is an internally oxidized silver eutectic alloy system with a main component of silver to which at least one of silicon and germanium is added and, for characteristic improvement purpose, at least one selected from at least one of the groups consisting respectively of gold, platinum and the like, titanium, rhenium and the like, and iron, cobalt and the like is further added. In producing the material, an ingot of said alloy is hot-worked and then internally oxidized at a temperature in a range from 250.degree. C. to the eutectic temperature of the alloy.

Abstract: Manufacture of an aluminum-aluminum oxide dispersion composite conductive material (hereinafter referred to as Al-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 dispersion composite conductive material) by compacting aluminum powder prepared by the atomization method, the particles having an oxide film with a thickness of about 100 A, and heat-treating the resultant compacted material in a vacuum or in a reducing gas or inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 660.degree. to 700.degree.C. The composite conductive material thus obtained has a structure, in which the aluminum oxide is uniformly dispersed in aluminum, and it is capable of high speed wire drawing. Its electrical conductivity is 56.5 to 63.2 percent IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard), and its aluminum oxide content is 0.01 to 0.2 weight percent.