Abstract: In the case of a natural stone element for lining facades of buildings, the suspension of the stone plate is effected via a ceramic tile glued to the back of the stone plate.

Abstract: A space heating element having a ceramic body, an electrically conductive ceramic glaze provided on the side of the ceramic shaped body opposite the visible side, and a nonconductive ceramic glaze provided over the electrically conductive glaze. The electrically resistive glaze has nonmetallic electrically conductive particles embedded in a carrier substance. The nonconductive glaze has the same carrier substance as the electrically conductive glaze but has kaolin particles embedded therein in place of the nonmetallic electrically conductive particles. The ceramic body, electrically resistive glaze and nonconductive ceramic glaze are heated to a temperature below the quartz transition temperature.

Abstract: A compound covering element for wall, ceiling or floor linings includes a ceramic tile provided with an electrically conductive coating on its back side which is heatable to thereby heat the tile. An electrically conductive coating on the visible side of the ceramic tile dissipates static electricity.

Abstract: An electrical space heating element having a ceramic body which is provided on the side facing away from the space to be heated with an electrically resistive coating. The space heating element provides a high thermal yield while consuming little electrical power and may be used as an element of design for the periphery of a room. The space heating element may be installed in such a way so that no channels are formed which might force air currents to circulate in the room to be heated. The electrically resistive coating is a layer of a carrier impregnated with nonmetallic particles which have a large specific area, are electrically conductive, and do not substantially vary the electrical conductivity at higher temperatures. The carrier in which the nonmetallic particles are embedded has no greater than poor electrical conductivity. The electrically resistive coating is applied in such a way that it has uniform electrical and thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement for large-format ceramic tiles, each of which has holding elements provided on their non-visible sides. The improvement includes attaching the holding elements to joining points determined according to static requirements by means of a ceramic glaze, whose thermal expansion coefficient is at least approximately equal to that of the ceramic tile.

Abstract: A double floor contruction is proposed which has supports set up at predetermined intervals on a stable substructure and tile-like floor elements bedded directly or indirectly on said supports. Each tile-like floor element is formed by a composite construction of a plurality of superposed layers of different materials, whereby the composite contruction is composed of a cover tile made of ceramic material, a core layer made of rigid material with low volume weight and a thin bottom layer with high tensile strength properties. This double floor construction solves the problem of allowing for the individual tile-like floor elements to be optimally selected in terms of their dimensions, in particular their thickness, while nevertheless being capable of taking up high loads. It also allows for the surface to be resistant to organic solvents and other chemicals. Finally, the floor coverings do not require for their bond with the subfloor any adhesive that might be critical in terms of its stability.

Abstract: For producing uneven coloring on firing plate-like ceramic material such as tiles or flags in a kiln, more specially a roller kiln, made up of preheating, firing and cooling zones, and through whose oxidizing atmosphere in the firing zone the material to be fired is moved in a single layer without burning tools for supporting it, in or at the end of the firing zone, in a screened-off part of the kiln, the material to be fired is acted upon by a partly reducing atmosphere. In this respect the material to be fired may be passed at this position through a reducing zone and then through a pulsating oxidation zone. It is however possible as well for the material to be fired to be moved through a reducing zone and then purposefully acted upon by blowing with a strongly oxidizing gas. A further possible way of undertaking the process is such that in or at the end of the firing zone the material to be fired is moved in a pulsating reducing zone.

Abstract: The cooling zone (24) for a kiln, more specially a roller kiln, made up of a preheating zone (21), a firing zone (22) and a cooling zone (24), through which the goods to be kilned (10), more specially ceramic tiles or plates are transported without any burning tools of refractory material supporting them, is (for the purpose of stopping any effect on the kilned goods in the cooling zone (24) and in the parts next to the cooling zone (24), because of the effect of the atmosphere in the cooling (24) and any reoxidation of the kilned goods (10) because of this, and for giving a simple way of producing effect on the outer face of the kilned goods (10) using a moving heat vehicle, more specially liquid heat vehicle) is indirectly cooled, and has inlet systems, able to undergo adjustment in their direction and their rate of inlet, for materials for producing an effect on the outer face of the kilned goods.

Abstract: A cooling zone for a kiln having a preheating and firing zone and with a train of rollers for moving tiles through the kiln in a single layer has an indirect cooling system using a fluid and more specially liquid cooling medium moving through coils over and/or under the tiles after burning. A system using louvers or two moving plates of slotted metal are used for screening off the coils to a greater or lesser degree for controlling the cooling effect.

Abstract: The specification describes a method for the production of densely sintered large ceramic plates of small thickness. The ceramic composition is first extruded by means of an extruder and is then rolled out from the resulting billets in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion axis, this rolling operation is carried out by a further rolling out operation in the axial direction of the billets. The cutting out of the plates to the desired format is by means of a pressing knife acting perpendicularly with respect to the plate plane. Following this the plates are dried and fired.

Abstract: A compound covering element for wall, ceiling or floor linings includes a ceramic tile provided with an electrically conductive coating on its back side which is heatable to thereby heat the tile. An electrically conductive coating on the visible side of the ceramic tile dissipates static electricity.