Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present disclosure include methods of improving the activity of an at least partially non-active Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) catalyst in a tubular FT reactor, which includes heating a heat transfer fluid (“HTF”) to a vapor state, using the heated HTF in the vapor state to achieve and maintain the at least partially non-active FT catalyst at a predetermined stage temperature; and exposing the at least partially non-active FT catalyst to at least one stage FT catalyst activity-related gas for a stage duration of time to increase the activity of the FT catalyst to a desired level. Other methods, systems and apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the present disclosure include methods of improving the activity of an at least partially non-active Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) catalyst in a tubular FT reactor, which includes heating a heat transfer fluid (“HTF”) to a vapor state, using the heated HTF in the vapor state to achieve and maintain the at least partially non-active FT catalyst at a predetermined stage temperature; and exposing the at least partially non-active FT catalyst to at least one stage FT catalyst activity-related gas for a stage duration of time to increase the activity of the FT catalyst to a desired level. Other methods, systems and apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A coloring system for hair and/or skin comprises at least three separately packaged components: a) a thio compound capable of breaking the S—S bond between cysteine residues, and an alkaline reagent; b) a material and/or extract obtainable from the mucuna plant; and c) an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A cosmetic skin/hair darkening composition for topical application to skin and/or hair is provided that comprises for 0.1 to 10% by weight of a peptide having an isoelectric point ranging from 6 to 11.

Abstract: A coloring system for hair and/or skin comprises at least three separately packaged components:

Abstract: Compositions for colouring hair and/or skin comprise:

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing protein- and/or peptide-bound melanin, which is soluble in an aqueous solution at pH 2 to 11 and temp 0° C. to 50° C., by the steps of reacting dihydroxyphenylalanine or tyrosine with an oxidant enzyme in the presence of an acidic protein and/or peptide having a pl of 3-6. The soluble protein- and/or peptide-bound melanin of this invention is useful as a sunscreen and as a coloring and/or flavoring for food.

Abstract: A process for preparing a sunscreen composition is provided which includes the steps of (i) dissolving an ultraviolet radiation absorbing sunscreen in an oil phase; (ii) neutralizing stearic acid in a water phase; and (iii) homogenising the dissolved sunscreen with the neutralised stearic acid in a cosmetically acceptable vehicle.

Abstract: A cosmetic skin lightening composition for topical application to human skin comprising (A) 5-25% by weight fatty acids, (B) 0.1-10% by weight fatty acid soap and (C) 0.05-10% by weight alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acid and/or .alpha.-acyloxy carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A composition suitable for topical application to human skin for reducing the damaging effects of ultra-violet light on skin comprises:(a) an effective amount of a triester of citric acid having the structure (1): ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each independently represent a branched or unbranched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, each said group being optionally substituted and having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,R.sup.4 represents --H, or a branched or unbranched saturated or unsaturated acyl, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, each said group beingoptionally substituted and having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and(b) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle for the citric acid ester; and(c) an effective amount of a sunscreen agent, with the proviso that in the case where the sunscreen agent is an inorganic sunscreen, it has an average particle size of less than 100 .mu.m.