Abstract: Techniques for processing joins on column partitioned tables are provided. A query includes a first-Column Partition (CP) table joined with a second-CP table. The query is decomposed into a three-step process and rewritten and processed.

Abstract: Techniques for updating join indexes are provided. A determination is made to update date criteria in a join index query statement. The join index is parsed for current date and current time criteria. The join index is revised based on the location of the current date and current time criteria as they appear in the original join index. The revisions include new criteria that minimize the effort in maintaining and using the join index.

Abstract: A method, computer program, and database system are disclosed for processing a database query that includes one or more expressions. The method includes resolving columns in one or more of the expressions. Expression optimization is performed on one or more of the expressions. Afterward, further query optimization is performed.

Abstract: Techniques for independent column detection in selectivity estimations are provided. Values for database statistics are sampled and two independent tests are performed against the values for a first column and a second column. When each test determines that the first and second columns are independent, the first and second columns are said to be independent columns for selectivity estimation.

Abstract: Techniques for independent column detection in selectivity estimations are provided. Values for database statistics are sampled and two independent tests are performed against the values for a first column and a second column. When each test determines that the first and second columns are independent, the first and second columns are said to be independent columns for selectivity estimation.

Abstract: A method for processing a trigger are described. The trigger is associated with a subject table in a relational database and defines a triggering statement and one or more triggered actions. The method includes determining that a triggering statement of a trigger will execute on a subject table row of a subject table and requesting a transition table in response to determining that the triggering statement will execute. The transition table includes a transition table row. The transition table row includes a first value associated with the subject table row and a second value associated with the subject table row. The method further includes reading the transition table row from the transition table and identifying a processing unit to receive the transition table row and a triggered action of the trigger. The method also includes transmitting the transition table row and the triggered action to the identified processing unit to be processed.

Abstract: A method, database system, and computer program are disclosed for optimized costing. The method includes identifying a join that identifies a first table and a second table. The method further includes determining an optimized cost of reading the first table. If the number of unique first table values is greater than the number of unique second table values, the number of instances where a unique first table value matches a unique second table value is returned. Otherwise, the number of unique first table values is returned. The method further includes determining an optimized cost of reading the second table. The optimized cost of reading the second table includes the number of unique second table values. The method also includes summing the optimized cost of reading the first table and the optimized cost of reading the second table.

Abstract: A method and computer program are disclosed for measuring the parallelism of an execution step. The method includes determining whether the step operates on rows whose primary index is specified. If the primary index is specified, the parallelism is measured as single. If the primary index is not specified, the method determines whether the step uses an output from a previous step. If an output is used, the number of rows in the output is compared to a specified number. If the number of rows is greater than the specified number, the parallelism is measured as total. In one implementation, the geography of the output is determined and the previous step is compared to specified types such that if the primary index is not specified, the number is rows is not greater than a specified number, the geography does not write output rows to all parallel units, and the previous step is of a specified type, then the parallelism is measured as partial.

Abstract: A method and computer system for optimizing queries to a database are disclosed. The query specifies one or more data-to-be-aggregated columns (DAC), one or more explicit aggregation keys (EAK) and one or more join conditions. The query involves table T1. T1includes the one or more data-to-be-aggregated columns and an aggregation key. All join conditions that involve T1 join the aggregation key of T1 to the unique primary index of another table that is involved in the query. T1 is joined to a table T2 in accordance with a join condition of the aggregate join query. The joining process includes sorting T1 on a sort key that is the aggregation key. Aggregation processing is combined into the step of sorting if T1 is a significant table. Aggregation processing is also combined into the step of sorting if T2 is a significant table and the first join condition is between the aggregation key of T1 and the unique primary index of T2.

Abstract: A method, database system and computer program are disclosed for optimizing a SQL query, in which the SQL query includes a WHERE clause and a FROM clause. An evaluation is done to determine whether a non-covering join index partially but not completely covers the query. If it does, the join index is added to the FROM clause of the query without removing the partially covered base tables and the WHERE clause of the query is modified by: (1) mapping a query condition to the join index for its partially covered base tables; and (2) adding a join back condition from the join index to a base table from which the join index was formed.

Abstract: The retrieval of data from a database in a computerized database management system is optimized through the use of a plurality of join indexed. The join indexes are defined for a table stored in the database. The join indexes are updated to reflect any updated records stored in the table, wherein one or more common joins are identified among the join indexes, each of the common joins are materialized only once in a common spool file, and the common spool file is used to materialize one or more rows for updating the join indexes.

Abstract: The retrieval of data from a database in a computerized database management system is optimized through the use of an aggregate join index. The aggregate join index combines one or more commonly-used columns of the base tables with the results from one or more aggregation expressions pre-computed from one or more columns of the tables.