Abstract: A detonation flame arrester (10) in a gas pipeline (11), comprises a detonation arresting element (12) and a separate deflagration arresting element (23), the detonation arresting element comprising parallel channels having a typical transverse dimension of the same order of magnitude as the detonation cell width of the gas in the pipeline. The walls of the channels are of non-porous material so that the channels are not connected. The elements (12, 23) may be spaced apart or in contact. The elements may be located in an expanded section (17) of the pipeline, or in the pipeline itself.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for treating a fluid having at least one treating zone, with a fluid inlet and separation device in it for introducing a separated mixture of liquid and gas into the treating zone. The fluid inlet device has a series of coaxially disposed circumferential vanes, in which each circumferential vane curvedly extends between an intercepting part having a substantially axially directed leading edge and a deflecting part having a substantially radially outwardly extending trailing edge, and wherein the central axis of the inlet device extends parallel or coaxial with an upwardly extending axis of the treating zone. The invention further relates to a fluid inlet device, to a use of the fluid inlet device, and to a method for treating a fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for treating a fluid having at least one treating zone, with a fluid inlet and separation device in it for introducing a separated mixture of liquid and gas into the treating zone. The fluid inlet device has a series of coaxially disposed circumferential vanes, in which each circumferential vane curvedly extends between an intercepting part having a substantially axially directed leading edge and a deflecting part having a substantially radially outwardly extending trailing edge, and wherein the central axis of the inlet device extends parallel or coaxial with an upwardly extending axis of the treating zone. The invention further relates to a fluid inlet device, to a use of the fluid inlet device, and to a method for treating a fluid.

Abstract: A sensor array for detecting the distribution of fluids having different electrical characteristics, comprising a multilayer structure including a first layer which defines an array of spaced apart sensor electrodes, a second layer separated from the first layer by dielectric material and defining a conductive screen, and a third layer separated from the second layer by dielectric material and defining a series of spaced apart elongate connections, each sensor being connected to a respective connection by a respective conductive path extending through an opening in the conductive screen defined by the second layer.

Abstract: A droplet coalescence control element having materials of different surface energy levels. The control element can take the form of a composite surface exhibiting elemental areas of the material or of a perforate packing with such said junctions exposed in its interstitial passages.