Abstract: A solar receiver for exposing heat absorbing particles to concentrated solar radiation. The solar receiver includes a chamber having an aperture through which concentrated solar radiation can be received within the chamber. An inlet means provides for introducing an inflow including solar absorbing particles into the chamber. An outlet means provides for discharge of an outflow from the chamber. The inlet means communicates with the chamber for introduction of the inflow into a first section of the chamber in opposed relation the aperture. The outlet means communicates with a second section of the chamber disposed between the first section and the aperture, wherein fluid flow from the inlet means to the outlet means is exposed to concentrated solar radiation received within the chamber. The first section diverges in a direction towards the aperture, and the inlet means is configured to introduce the inflow tangentially into the divergent first section.

Abstract: Apparatus operable using concentrated solar radiation, the apparatus comprising a body having a cavity adapted to receive concentrated solar radiation, a heat energy absorber associated with the cavity to receive heat from concentrated solar radiation within the cavity, a chamber containing a body of matter, the chamber being in heat exchange relation with the heat energy absorber to receive heat therefrom for heating the body of matter, and an inlet means for introducing fluid into the chamber for contacting the contained body of matter. Also, a reactor system for contacting a reactant liquid with two gaseous reactants, the reactor system comprising two reactors interconnected for circulation of a reactant liquid therebetween, whereby the circulating reactant liquid is enabled to react with a gaseous reactant introduced into one reactor and to also react with a gaseous reactant introduced into the other reactor.

Abstract: A solar receiver for exposing heat absorbing particles to concentrated solar radiation. The solar receiver includes a chamber having an aperture through which concentrated solar radiation can be received within the chamber. An inlet means provides for introducing an inflow including solar absorbing particles into the chamber. An outlet means provides for discharge of an outflow from the chamber. The inlet means communicates with the chamber for introduction of the inflow into a first section of the chamber in opposed relation the aperture. The outlet means communicates with a second section of the chamber disposed between the first section and the aperture, wherein fluid flow from the inlet means to the outlet means is exposed to concentrated solar radiation received within the chamber. The first section diverges in a direction towards the aperture, and the inlet means is configured to introduce the inflow tangentially into the divergent first section.

Abstract: Interaction between two different species of particles in a fluid stream is promoted by generating turbulent eddies in the fluid stream. The turbulent eddies are designed to be of such size and/or intensity that the two species of particles are entrained into the eddies to significantly different extents. Consequently, the different species of particles follow different trajectories, and the likelihood of collisions or interactions between the particles is increased. Optimum collision rates will occur for a system which maintains a Stokes Number (St) much less than 1 for one species, and or order 1 or greater for the other species. The invention has particular application in air pollution control, by promoting agglomeration of fine pollutant particles in air streams into larger particles to thereby facilitate their subsequent removal from the air streams.

Abstract: Interaction between two different species of particles in a fluid stream is promoted by generating turbulent eddies in the fluid stream. The turbulent eddies are designed to be of such size and/or intensity that the two species of particles are entrained into the eddies to significantly different extents. Consequently, the different species of particles follow different trajectories, and the likelihood of collisions or interactions between the particles is increased. Optimum collision rates will occur for a system which maintains a Stokes Number (St) much less than 1 for one species, and or order 1 or greater for the other species. The invention has particular application in air pollution control, by promoting agglomeration of fine pollutant particles in air streams into larger particles to thereby facilitate their subsequent removal from the air streams.

Abstract: Interaction between two different species of particle(s) in a fluid stream is promoted by generating turbulent eddies in a fluid stream. The turbulent eddies are designed to be of such size and/or intensity that the different sized particle(s) are entrained into the eddies to significantly different extents and forced to follow different trajectories, increasing the likelihood of collisions and interactions. Optimum collision rates will occur for a system which maintains a Stokes Number much less than 1 for one sized particle, and or order 1 or greater for the other sized particle. The invention has particular application in air pollution control, whereby agglomeration of fine particles into larger particles is promoted, subsequent to their removal.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluidic device (2) for exciting an oscillating jet (12) of predetermined oscillation and mixing characteristics. The fluidic device (2) includes a chamber (4) having a fluid outlet (6) longitudinally displaced from a fluid inlet (8). The fluid inlet (8) is disposed such that in use the fluid (10) entering the chamber (6) through the fluid inlet (8) separates from the inner surface of chamber (4) to excite an oscillating jet (12). The method includes the step of configuring the geometry of the shape and/or dimensions of the cross section of the fluid inlet (8) to determine the mode of oscillation and mixing characteristics of the oscillating jet (12). A fluidic device (2′) for exciting an oscillating jet (12′) whose characteristics can be determined to meet operational requirements.

Abstract: A burner configuration includes at least one processing jet nozzle and at least one further burner nozzle having mixing characteristics different from the processing jet nozzle. A means is preferably provided to control the proportions of fuel flow to the nozzles. The nozzles of the set are in sufficient proximity that a combined flame of the burner configuration can be determined or controlled by setting or varying the relative flows of fuel to the nozzle of the set.