Abstract: An automated process to determine whether an image has been modified includes receiving an image (e.g., via a web portal), requesting an image validation service to analyze the image to determine whether the image and/or a subject depicted in the image, has been modified from its original form and, based on the analysis of the image validation service, outputting a likelihood that the image has been modified. The image validation service may analyze the image using one or more operations to determine a likelihood that the image has been modified, and provide an indication of the likelihood that the image has been modified to the web portal. The indication of the likelihood that the image has been modified may be presented on a display via the web portal, and various actions may be suggested or taken based on the likelihood that the image has been modified.

Abstract: An automated process to determine whether an image has been modified includes receiving an image (e.g., via a web portal), requesting an image validation service to analyze the image to determine whether the image and/or a subject depicted in the image, has been modified from its original form and, based on the analysis of the image validation service, outputting a likelihood that the image has been modified. The image validation service may analyze the image using one or more operations to determine a likelihood that the image has been modified, and provide an indication of the likelihood that the image has been modified to the web portal. The indication of the likelihood that the image has been modified may be presented on a display via the web portal, and various actions may be suggested or taken based on the likelihood that the image has been modified.

Abstract: Microbial activity in an aqueous medium is measured in a bioelectrochemical cell in which the working electrode comprises an electrically conductive carbon-bearing porous material; suitably a graphitized carbon felt or cloth. This enhances the BEC response by increasing the surface area and by absorbing microbes onto the surface; and the electrode material can also be used to preconcentrate the microbes prior to use as an electrode in the cell.

Abstract: 1,4-Benzoquinone can act as a mediator of electron transfer in bioelectrochemical cells for measuring microbiological activity in a sample. In combination with ferricyanide it can provide a surprisingly high level of mediator activity with many microorganisms, and a more even response when the sample may contain a mixture of microorganisms.