Abstract: Detergent compositions containing from 0.5 to about 50 percent by weight polysuccinimide are provided. These compositions have enhanced anti-encrustation, soil removal and anti-redeposition properties.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a terpolymer containing as polymerized units at least one first monomer selected from the group of vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers and vinyl carbonates, at least one second monomer of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and at least one third monomer of an anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid. The terpolymer is formed by a free-radical polymerization in a nonaqueous solvent. It has further been discovered that the partial hydrolysis, saponification, and saponification followed by oxidation of this terpolymer leads to terpolymer derivatives with improved detergent properties and improved biodegradability.

Abstract: Copolymers of aliphatic monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and unsaturated monomers have been formed by gradually and simultaneously adding monomers and initiator, in the presence of a metal salt activator, to a reaction vessel initially containing water at a temperature suitable for polymerization. These copolymers have consistent compositions and superior properties as antiscalants, dispersants and incrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of copper and cobalt ions to control molecular weight in the aqueous polymerization of vinyl monomers. Incorporating catalytic amounts, generally from 1 to about 300 ppm of copper or cobalt ions, in aqueous polymerization reactions initiated with peroxides, preferably with partial neutralization of the monomers, provides for molecular weight control of the resulting polymers.

Abstract: Polymers of itaconic acid are formed at high conversion by adding completely neutralized monomer solution and initiator solution to a vessel initially containing water at a temperature sufficient for polymerization. These polymers are biodegradable and are most useful as detergent additives, scale inhibitors and removers, sequesterants, yarn sizers, deflocculating agents, de-inking agents, suspending agents and dispersing agents.

Abstract: A process to efficiently utilize the chain transfer agent hypophosphorous acid or salts in the preparation of low molecular weight polycarboxylate polymers comprising employing in process neutralization of the carboxylic acid monomers.A low molecular weight polycarboxylate polymer containing phosphinate and phosphonate functional groups where less than 20% of the phosphorus is present in inorganic non polymeric compounds.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a terpolymer containing as polymerized units at least one first monomer selected from the group of vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers and vinyl carbonates, at least one second monomer of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and at least one third monomer of an anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid. The terpolymer is formed by a free-radical polymerization in a nonaqueous solvent. It has further been discovered that the partial hydrolysis, saponification, and saponification followed by oxidation of this terpolymer leads to terpolymer derivatives with improved detergent properties and improved biodegradability.

Abstract: A process to prepare telomers of acrylic acid with a functional terminal group through use of selected secondary alcohol chain transfer agents.Telomers of acrylic acid containing a functional terminal group with a primary hydroxyl of a 6-12 carbon moiety.

Abstract: Functionalized polymeric compositions are prepared by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated functional monomer in a solvent including a reactive compound. The functional groups of the reactive compound and the functional monomer react during or subsequent to the polymerization of the functional monomer to provide functionalized polymeric composition. The reactive compound can be a hydroxy-terminated, poly(ethleneoxy)ated hydrophobe-bearing compound and the functional monomer can be a polymerizable carboxylated monomer, the functionalization in this case being a condensation. Removal of the water of condensation by azeotropic distillation drives the reaction to completion. The resulting high solids functionalized polymeric composition is soluble or dispersible in an appropriate solvent, and can be used as is, diluted with a solvent, or isolated.

Abstract: This invention relates to copolymers containing as copolymerized monomer units aliphatic monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomers such as alkyl esters of acrylic acid. This invention particularly relates to the use of low levels of copper ions in an aqueous polymerization process to promote copolymerization of the above-mentioned monomers at high conversion while maintaining and improving molecular weight control. These copolymers are useful primarily as antiscalants, dispersants, hard surface cleaners, detergent builders and incrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: A process to efficiently utilize the chain transfer agent hypophosphorous acid or salts in the preparation of low moelcular weight polycarboxylate polymers comprising employing in process neutralization of the carboxylic acid monomers.A low molecular weight polycarboxylate polymer containing phosphinate and phosphonate functional groups where less than 20% of the phosphorus is present in inorganic non polymeric compounds.

Abstract: A process to prepare telomers of acrylic acid with a functional terminal group through use of selected secondary alcohol chain transfer agents.Telomers of acrylic acid containing a functional terminal group with a primary hydroxyl or a 6-12 carbon moiety.

Abstract: This invention relates to copolymers containing as copolymerized monomer units aliphatic monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomers such as alkyl esters of acrylic acid. This invention particularly relates to the use of low levels of copper ions in an aqueous polymerization process to promote copolymerization of the above-mentioned monomers at high conversion while maintaining and improving molecular weight control. These copolymers are useful primarily as antiscalants, dispersants, hard surface cleaners, detergent builders and incrustation inhibitors.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein M is a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, ammonium, amino, and hydrogen; and wherein x and y are independently selected from 0 to 2.These compounds are disclosed as being useful as graftable and/or copolymerizable surfactants in latex preparation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein M is a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, ammonium, amino, and hydrogen; and wherein x and y are independently selected from 0 to 2.These compounds are disclosed as being useful as graftable and/or copolymerizable surfactants in latex preparation.

Abstract: A composition comprising a water reducible vinyl additional polymer having pendant unsaturated air drying fatty acid ester groups and additional pendant groups selected from secondary amine, tertiary amine, and combinations thereof are disclosed, as are methods for preparing such polymers, solvent coatings, water reducible coatings, and electrodeposition coatings containing such polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer and its preparation by reacting part of the monomers in the reactor in such a way as to obtain a high molecular weight product, and reacting at least one other portion of the monomer in the same reactor in such a way as to obtain at least one low molecular weight fraction. The products are useful in contact adhesives, particularly when blended with an aminoplast or phenoplast as a tackifier and crosslinker, and with a thickening agent such as polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: An acetoacetate moiety may be introduced into polymers and used via Michael Reaction for crosslinking with alpha, beta-unsaturated esters.

Abstract: The specification discloses a lithographic ink vehicle containing an addition copolymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a critical calculated second order transition temperature (T.sub.g), and a critical molecular weight, utilizing as the essential solvents in the ink a predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbon having a kauri-butanol value of between about 18 and 31, preferably between about 21 and 28, in which the polymer must be soluble. Among the preferred monomers are isobornyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate. Other ethylenically unsaturated monomers may be included, particularly functional monomers in small amounts having acid or amine groups.

Abstract: A process for preparing a low molecular weight water-soluble polymer comprises reacting, in an aqueous solution system, a water-soluble monomer selected from the class consisting of (a) acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, acrolein, methacrolein, methacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrollidone, acryloxypropionic acid and mixtures thereof, and (b) water-soluble comonomers of one or more of the monomers of (a) with from about 5-50% of the total monomers present, of a comonomer selected from the class consisting of itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, hydroxypropylmethacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxypropylacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl acrylate, 4-vinyl pyridine, beta-hydroxyethyldimethylaminoethyl methacrylate salt, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises an initiator and a metal salt wherein the molar ratio of the initiat