Abstract: Provided herein are components for a fluid network, specifically a U bend structure connected to at least two pipes which is modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs. The U bend structure is so designed to have a specific ARQ between 1.0 to 1.02 for 5% of the flow passage from the inlet and from the outlet, and an ARQ from 1.02 to 1.15 over the remaining 90% of the flow passage through an Rb/D ratio being greater than 1 and less than 4.

Abstract: Provided herein are components for a fluid network modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs.

Abstract: A tip burner for a flare comprises a diffuser (7) which is sealingly connected downstream to a shroud (9) comprising a tightly packed bed of granular material (13). The stream of fuel and oxidizer flows to a diffuser where is mixed and tangentially swirled by a swirler (8) located either in the diffuser or in a closed proximity to the diffuser inlet. The mixture flows next to the shroud where the granular material provides a tortious flow path for the stream, restructuring it aerodynamically and reducing its velocity, preferably to sub sonic level. A combustible mixture exits the shroud as multiple of jet, at low velocity and low turbulence. The mixture is ignited by a pilot burner installed above but in close proximity of the shroud, resulting in a stable flame which generates a low noise level.

Abstract: A substantially linear ceramic or metallic radiant of ellipsoidal or polygonal cross section is placed proximate furnace tubes or coils in the radiant section of a fired heater to increase the radiant heat directed to the surface of the tubes or coils.

Abstract: Provided herein are components for a fluid network modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs.

Abstract: Provided herein are components for a fluid network modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs.

Abstract: A tip burner for a flare comprises a diffuser (7) which is sealingly connected downstream to a shroud (9) comprising a tightly packed bed of granular material (13). The stream of fuel and oxidizer flows to a diffuser where is mixed and tangentially swirled by a swirler (8) located either in the diffuser or in a closed proximity to the diffuser inlet. The mixture flows next to the shroud where the granular material provides a tortious flow path for the stream, restructuring it aerodynamically and reducing its velocity, preferably to sub sonic level. A combustible mixture exits the shroud as multiple of jet, at low velocity and low turbulence. The mixture is ignited by a pilot burner installed above but in close proximity of the shroud, resulting in a stable flame which generates a low noise level.

Abstract: The dry oxygen content in the exhaust of an industrial furnace may be controlled to 1% or less by determining one or more of: the temperature of: each or a group of one or more burner (flame); one or more section of the radiant walls adjacent (e.g., within 5 feet of the burner); the temperature gradient across the process coils; the combustion products of one or more burners; the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air to each burner (e.g., the pressure drop across the variable forced air aperture ii) comparing the result to said target value; and iii) adjusting either a) the opening of the variable forced air aperture; or b) adjusting the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air from said one or more fans.

Abstract: The present invention provides low profile, thick (“stubby”) longitudinal fins having a cross section which is a parallelogram, trapezoid or a triangle extending from 10% to 100% of a coil pass and comprising from 3 to 45 weight % of a coil in a radiant section of a furnace for thermally cracking one or more of paraffins and naphtha. The fins provide an additional surface through which heat may be transferred to the coil making the coil more efficient reducing greenhouse emissions.

Abstract: The present invention provides low profile, thick (“stuby”) longitudinal fins having a cross section which is a parallelogram, trapezoid or a triangle extending from 10% to 100% of a coil pass and comprising from 3 to 45 weight % of a coil in a radiant section of a furnace for thermally cracking one or more of paraffins and naphtha. The fins provide an additional surface through which heat may be transferred to the coil making the coil more efficient reducing greenhouse emissions.

Abstract: The present invention provides low profile, thick (“stuby”) longitudinal fins having a cross section which is a parallelogram, trapezoid or a triangle extending from 10% to 100% of a coil pass and comprising from 3 to 45 weight % of a coil in a radiant section of a furnace for thermally cracking one or more of paraffins and naphtha. The fins provide an additional surface through which heat may be transferred to the coil making the coil more efficient reducing greenhouse emissions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for thick fins on the surface of coils or tubes in a steam cracking furnace. The fins have a thickness at their base from ¼ to ¾ of the radius of the furnace tube. The fins have grooves or protuberances on not less than about 10% of a major surface. The fins help increase the radiant heat taken up by the tube from the walls and combustion gases in the furnace.

Abstract: Provided herein are components for a fluid network modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs.

Abstract: The dry oxygen content in the exhaust of an industrial furnace may be controlled to 1% or less by determining one or more of: the temperature of: each or a group of one or more burner (flame); one or more section of the radiant walls adjacent (e.g., within 5 feet of the burner); the temperature gradient across the process coils; the combustion products of one or more burners; the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air to each burner (e.g., the pressure drop across the variable forced air aperture ii) comparing the result to said target value; and iii) adjusting either a) the opening of the variable forced air aperture; or b) adjusting the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air from said one or more fans.

Abstract: A substantially linear ceramic or metallic radiant of ellipsoidal or polygonal cross section is placed proximate furnace tubes or coils in the radiant section of a fired heater to increase the radiant heat directed to the surface of the tubes or coils.

Abstract: The dry oxygen content in the exhaust of an industrial furnace may be controlled to 1% or less by determining one or more of: the temperature of: each or a group of one or more burner (flame); one or more section of the radiant walls adjacent (e.g., within 5 feet of the burner); the temperature gradient across the process coils; the combustion products of one or more burners; the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air to each burner (e.g., the pressure drop across the variable forced air aperture ii) comparing the result to said target value; and iii) adjusting either a) the opening of the variable forced air aperture; or b) adjusting the mass flow rate or the volume flow rate of air from said one or more fans.

Abstract: The present invention provides low profile, thick (“stuby”) longitudinal fins having a cross section which is a parallelogram, trapezoid or a triangle extending from 10% to 100% of a coil pass and comprising from 3 to 45 weight % of a coil in a radiant section of a furnace for thermally cracking one or more of paraffins and naphtha. The fins provide an additional surface through which heat may be transferred to the coil making the coil more efficient reducing greenhouse emissions.

Abstract: The present invention provides low profile, thick (“stubby”) longitudinal fins having a cross section which is a parallelogram, trapezoid or a triangle extending from 10% to 100% of a coil pass and comprising from 3 to 45 weight % of a coil in a radiant section of a furnace for thermally cracking one or more of paraffins and naphtha. The fins provide an additional surface through which heat may be transferred to the coil making the coil more efficient reducing greenhouse emissions.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, the noise of a supersonic jet of gas venting from a lower stack having a flow control means may be reduced by at least about 20 dBA by attaching an upper stack to the lower stack, said upper stack being packed with granulae to provide a bed height at least one diameter of the upper stack the cross section area of the interstitial voids between the granulae being at least about 2.25 times larger than the cross section area of the flow controlling means installed in the lower stack. The said bed is contained in the upper stack and kept in place by suitable upper and lower retainers such as, for example, a mesh or a perforated plate.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, the noise of a supersonic jet of gas venting from a lower stack having a flow control means may be reduced by at least about 20 dBA by attaching an upper stack to the lower stack, said upper stack being packed with granulae to provide a bed height at least one diameter of the upper stack the cross section area of the interstitial voids between the granulae being at least about 2.25 times larger than the cross section area of the flow controlling means installed in the lower stack. The said bed is contained in the upper stack and kept in place by suitable upper and lower retainers such as, for example, a mesh or a perforated plate.