Abstract: There is described a method and associated apparatus for connecting a structure to equipment underwater, in particular for connecting a flange to a pipe under water. The pipe is provided under water, and a welding machine is provided in a welding space provided through a section of the pipe, and used to weld the flange to the end of the pipe, for example by internal metal inert gas welding.

Abstract: There is described a method and associated apparatus for connecting a structure to equipment underwater, in particular for connecting a flange to a pipe under water. In particular embodiments, the pipe is provided under water, and a weld means is provided in a welding space provided through a section of the pipe, and used to weld the flange to the end of the pipe, for example by internal metal inert gas welding.

Abstract: A method of comparing genomic DNA from two individuals who share a phenotype, cutting the DNA into fragments long enough to contain on average one or several polymorphisms; combining the fragments under hybridisation conditions and recovering mismatch-free heterohybrids, wherein adapters resistant to nuclease digestion are ligated to the ends of the genomic fragments. A related method uses pooled genomic DNA from individuals with a common phenotype. Another related method uses restricted nucleic acid fragments likely to contain on average less than one natural polymorphism.

Abstract: A method of comparing genomic DNA from two individuals who share a phenotype, cutting the DNA into fragments long enough to contain on average one or several polymorphisms; combining the fragments under hybridisation conditions and recovering mismatch—free heterohybrids, wherein adapters resistant to nuclease digestion are ligated to the ends of the genomic fragments. A related method uses pooled genomic DNA from individuals with a common phenotype. Another related method uses restricted nucleic acid fragments likely to contain on average less than one natural polymorphism.

Abstract: The invention presented is a novel method for the extraction of VNTR alleles and for the concomitant detection of polymorphic markers for inherited traits at multiple loci by simultaneous comparison of complex genomes from multiple individuals. The product is designated a Total Representation of Alleles that are Informative for a Trait (TRAIT). These alleles may be used directly as genetic markers or may be used as vehicles to facilitate precise localisation of sequence variations responsible.