Abstract: An improved geothermal system. The system includes a wellbore extending from a surface at least partially into an underground magma reservoir. The wellbore includes a plurality of manufactured gravel pieces positioned within the wellbore to form a reinforced volume. The plurality of manufactured gravel pieces configured to aid in preventing collapse of the wellbore at least in the reinforced volume.

Abstract: A method of operating a geothermal system includes steps of providing a molten salt down a wellbore extending from a surface and into an underground reservoir of magma, receiving heated molten salt from the wellbore, and providing the heated molten salt to a heat-driven process.

Abstract: A geothermal system including a heat-driven process system using heat extracted from a magma wellbore for driving a thermal process. The system includes a magma wellbore connected to the heat-driven process system in a closed loop. A heated heat transfer fluid conveys the heat from the magma wellbore to a reactor housing a decomposition reaction. The reactor can be a batch reactor, a continuous reactor, or a through-flow reactor. The heat provides the reaction temperature necessary for driving the decomposition reaction of a polymer to an end product. The heat can be provided directly by the heated heat transfer fluid, by an intermediate heat transfer fluid heated by the heated heat transfer fluid, or by a reaction medium heated by the heated heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A geothermal system including a heat-driven process system using heat extracted from a magma wellbore for driving a thermal process. The system includes a magma wellbore connected to the heat-driven process system in a closed loop. A heated heat transfer fluid conveys the heat from the magma wellbore to a reactor housing a decomposition reaction. The reactor can be a batch reactor, a continuous reactor, or a through-flow reactor. The heat provides the reaction temperature necessary for driving the decomposition reaction of a polymer to an end product. The heat can be provided directly by the heated heat transfer fluid, by an intermediate heat transfer fluid heated by the heated heat transfer fluid, or by a reaction medium heated by the heated heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A method of operating a geothermal system includes steps of providing a molten salt down a wellbore extending from a surface and into an underground reservoir of magma, receiving heated molten salt from the wellbore, and providing the heated molten salt to a heat-driven process.

Abstract: A geothermal system obtains heated heat transfer fluid via heat transfer with an underground reservoir of magma. The geothermal system includes a wellbore extending between a surface and into the underground reservoir of magma. A fluid pump provides a flow of heat transfer fluid toward the underground reservoir of magma. A fluid conduit extends from the surface toward a terminal end of the wellbore and allows flow of heated heat transfer fluid from a portion of the wellbore that extends into the underground reservoir of magma toward the surface.

Abstract: A geothermal system may include a partially cased wellbore. The partially cased wellbore includes a first borehole portion extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. The first borehole portion includes a casing extending from a first end. The partially cased wellbore includes a second borehole portion extending from the first end to a terminal end of the wellbore. The second borehole portion extends into the underground magma reservoir and a wall of the second borehole portion is hardened magma.

Abstract: A geothermal system includes a wellbore with a borehole extending from a surface into an underground reservoir of magma. A chamber is located within the borehole and extends at least partially into the underground reservoir of magma. An inlet conduit allows flow of heat transfer fluid from the surface and into the chamber. An outlet conduit allows flow of heated heat transfer fluid from the chamber toward the surface.

Abstract: A geothermally powered tin production system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. Geothermal energy powers systems and processes used to extract tin from a tin-containing starting material.

Abstract: A geothermally powered tin production system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. Geothermal energy powers systems and processes used to extract tin from a tin-containing starting material.

Abstract: A geothermally powered petrochemical refining system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A geothermally powered fractional distillation system receives crude oil and produces distillates which are separated by molecular weight. The distillates may be provided to a geothermally powered cracking system that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system to crack heavy hydrocarbons into lighter ones. The distillates may be provided to a geothermally powered reforming system that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system to reform hydrocarbons into different structures.

Abstract: A geothermally powered petrochemical refining system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A geothermally powered fractional distillation system receives crude oil and produces distillates which are separated by molecular weight. The distillates may be provided to a geothermally powered cracking system that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system to crack heavy hydrocarbons into lighter ones. The distillates may be provided to a geothermally powered reforming system that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system to reform hydrocarbons into different structures.

Abstract: A geothermally powered petrochemical refining system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A geothermally powered fractional distillation system receives crude oil and produces distillates which are separated by molecular weight. The distillates may be provided to a geothermally powered cracking system that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system to crack heavy hydrocarbons into lighter ones. The distillates may be provided to a geothermally powered reforming system that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system to reform hydrocarbons into different structures.

Abstract: System, method, and apparatus for harnessing geothermal power from superhot geothermal fluid (SHGF) and magma reservoirs. An exemplary embodiment is directed to a cased wellbore for use in generating superheated steam. The cased wellbore includes a first end at a surface, a second end at an underground reservoir of magma, and a fluid pathway extending from an inlet at the first end to the second end and then from the second end to an outlet at the first end. The fluid pathway is configured to receive saturated steam at the inlet and expel superheated steam from the outlet, and the saturated steam is transformed into superheated steam in the fluid pathway at the second end of the cased wellbore.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen by thermochemical splitting of water includes injecting one or more feed streams of water into a reaction chamber. The method further includes using heat from a subterranean heat source to carry out the thermochemical splitting of water to form hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber. The formed products are subsequently removed from the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen by thermochemical splitting of water includes injecting one or more feed streams of water into a reaction chamber. The method further includes using a molten salt heated by a subterranean heat source to carry out the thermochemical splitting of water to form hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber. The formed products are subsequently removed from the reaction chamber. Hydrogen formed in the reaction chamber may be used in a downstream process to generate hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground reservoir of magma. The method includes drilling a primary borehole from the surface into the underground reservoir of magma and drilling a secondary borehole extending from the primary borehole and further into the underground reservoir of magma.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and method for geothermally driven ammonia production. Hydrogen is generated using energy obtained from the underground magma reservoir and nitrogen is captured from air using the energy obtained from the underground magma reservoir. At least a portion of the generated hydrogen is combined with at least a portion of the generated nitrogen and heated at least to a reaction temperature using the energy obtained from the underground magma reservoir. The heated hydrogen contacts the heated nitrogen for a residence time to form the ammonia.

Abstract: A cement production system includes a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. The wellbore is configured to heat a heat transfer fluid via heat transfer with the underground magma reservoir. Processes for cement production are driven at least in part by energy obtained from the underground magma reservoir.

Abstract: A geothermally powered copper production system includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A hopper receives a copper oxide ore that is crushed and provided to a leach heap to produce a copper-rich pregnant leach solution. The pregnant leach solution is provided to a settler that is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system, and a product of the settler is used to prepare a copper product. A hopper receives a copper sulfide ore that is crushed and provided to a flotation tank. The flotation tank is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system, and a product of the flotation tank is used to prepare a copper product.