Abstract: An in vivo assay to evaluate topical delivery of a biologic agent from a formulation is provided. The assay comprises treating a skin area of a CD hairless rat with tape stripping to disrupt the stratum corneum in the skin area to define a treated skin area and topically applying a formulation to the treated skin area. The formulation, in one embodiment, comprises the biologic agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Delivery of the biologic agent into the skin from the topically applied formulation is evaluated via in vitro or in vivo techniques.

Abstract: The techniques according to the present invention can be used to optimize signal transmission according to the quality of service (QOS) required or requested at the receiver/destination/client. Such optimization can take into account actual user requirements, human perception minimum requirement or application specific requirements. Scaling can also be provided based on the size of the network or the number of users on the network. The quality of service requirement seeks to trade off or balance quality, complexity, delay, and data rate. In other words, the QOS techniques of the present invention seeks to minimize delay and maximize throughput. That is, to maximize quality within constraints.