Abstract: This invention concerns the discovery of a new fluid that promotes the fluorination of polymeric materials more safely, more completely, and more efficiently than the fluids used in the prior art. The new fluid is called "dioxifluorine," which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and fluorine where carbon dioxide is the carrier fluid and fluorine is the reactant.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method is disclosed for generating fluorine which has an improved efficiency by reducing the resistance between the electrodes and by reducing the chemical action on the electrodes through a design whereby the structure and positioning of the electrodes as well as the flow of electrolyte provide this reduction of the resistance. The shape of the cell unit constituting the electrode structure reduces the chemical action on the electrode by increasing the flow of electrolyte past the electrode structure.

Abstract: The method of treating a surface chemically by exposing the surface to a treating gas at high pressure for a time during which a surface reaction occurs, and then reducing the pressure of the gas for a time and removing reaction byproducts and then continuing the cycles of high pressure and low pressure until the surface reaction is completed.

Abstract: A batch process for the halogenation of solid polymeric or metallic material comprising the following steps:(a) providing a closed system comprising a chamber containing air at about atmospheric pressure and having inlet and outlet means, a heat exchanger, and a circulation pump, all connected in series;(b) introducing the material into the chamber;(c) heating the chamber and the material to a selected temperature in the range of about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. by recirculating the air through the heat exchanger;(d) evacuating the system;(e) introducing a halogen into the system in an amount (i) of up to about 10 percent in excess of the theoretical amount of halogen required to halogenate the polymeric material to a desired depth and (ii) sufficient to provide a partial pressure in the system in the range of about 0.

Abstract: In a batch process for the treatment of the surface of a solid polymeric material by a gas reactive therewith comprising the following steps:(a) providing a closed system comprising a chamber;(b) introducing the material into the chamber;(c) heating the chamber and the material to a selected temperature in the range of about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F.;(d) evacuating the system;(e) introducing the reactive gas into the system in an amount (i) of up to about 10 percent in excess of the theoretical amount of gas required to react with the surface of the polymeric material to a desired depth and (ii) sufficient to provide a partial pressure in the system in the range of about 0.

Abstract: A method of mixing a gas and a vaporizable liquid to provide a gaseous mixture having a constant composition, regardless of change in rate of flow, except as hereinafter provided, comprising:(a) introducing a mixture comprising a gas and a vaporizable liquid in predetermined proportions into the tube side of a tube and shell heat exchanger at a flow rate sufficient to cause turbulent flow;(b) introducing a heating fluid into the shell side of the heat exchanger at a temperature sufficient to vaporize at least part of the vaporizable liquid whereby the vaporizable liquid separates into a vapor phase and a liquid phase; and(c) delivering the mixture of gas and vapor phase to a use point and recycling the liquid phase to a point at which it will be mixed with gas for introduction into step (a).

Abstract: A process for the separation of a second mixture consisting essentially of ethylene oxide and dichlorodifluoromethane from a first mixture comprising ethylene oxide, dichlorodifluoromethane, and air comprising passing the first mixture through two zones connected in series, in a closed system, according to the following steps:(a) passing the first mixture, in gaseous form, into an absorption zone and contacting said first mixture therein counter-currently with an organic liquid solvent, which has a boiling point of at least about 120.degree. C. and is capable of absorbing ethylene oxide and dichlorodifluoromethane under process conditions, at a pressure of about 80 psia to about 450 psia and a temperature of about minus 12.degree. C. to about 24.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a mixture of silane and impurities comprising passing the mixture through a succession of zones connected in series, in a closed system, according to the following steps:(a) passing the mixture, in gaseous form, through a zone containing porous, granular charcoal as an adsorbent at a temperature in the range of about minus 40.degree. C to about minus 80.degree. C to provide a mixture of silane and remaining impurities in gaseous form;(b) passing the gaseous mixture from step (a) through a zone containing porous, granular magnesium silicate as a adsorbent at a temperature in the range of about minus 40.degree. C to about minus 80.degree. C to provide a mixture of silane and remaining impurities in gaseous form;(c) passing the gaseous mixture from step (b) into a distillation zone in such a manner that the impurities are removed overhead in gaseous form and at least about 95 per cent by weight of the silane is converted to liquid bottoms; and(d) recovering the bottoms.

Abstract: A process for the production of silane in a reaction vessel comprising (i) a single closed chamber, (ii) a hollow tube open at both ends, said tube being disposed in the lower portion of the chamber; and (iii) means for circulating liquid in the lower portion of the chamber in such a manner that the liquid flows in a downward direction through the tube and in an upward direction outside of the tubeComprising the following steps:A. maintaining a melt of lithium chloride in the lower portion of the chamber, the level of the melt being above the tube;B. activating the circulating means;C. introducing liquid lithium into the melt in such a manner that at least a part thereof is brought to the surface of the melt;D. introducing hydrogen gas above the surface of the melt in such a manner that hydrogen gas reacts with lithium at the surface of the melt to form lithium hydride,The lithium, lithium hydride, and melt being admixed by the circulating means to provide a homogeneous mixture thereof;E.