Abstract: Disclosed are differential-drive electro-optic modulator structures for linear electro-optic (Pockels) platforms such as thin-film LiNbO3 (TFLN), directly compatible with traditional differential-output analog drivers, such as a linear electro-optic modulator, including: a first signal trace; a second signal trace, wherein the first signal trace and the second signal trace are driven by a differential signal; a first optical arm; and a second optical arm, wherein a geometry of the first signal trace and the second signal trace causes the differential signal to modulate optical signals in the first optical arm and the second optical arm, such that when the optical signals are combined to create a resultant optical signal, the geometry mitigates chirp in the resultant optical signal. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a differential biasing device that includes first and second bias tees having respective high-frequency biased terminals, high-frequency unbiased terminals and biasing terminals. The first and second bias tees can be configured at least partially on and/or within different layers of a substrate to facilitate a compact configuration. The layers can include surface layers and/or internal layers that enable an overlapping of at least portions of the first and second bias tees. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In one aspect, in general, an apparatus comprises: a first interface comprising one or more edge-coupled coplanar striplines distributed along a first axis, where each edge-coupled coplanar stripline comprises at least two conductor strips; a second interface comprising one or more edge-coupled striplines distributed along a second axis, where each edge-coupled stripline comprises at least three conductor strips; and a transition region between the first interface and the second interface, the transition region comprising a transition structure comprising different respective conductors connecting each conductor strip of an edge-coupled coplanar stripline of the first interface to one or more respective conductor strips of a corresponding edge-coupled stripline of the second interface, wherein at least a portion of the transition structure comprises broad-side coupled conductors.

Abstract: In one aspect, in general, an apparatus for transmitting signals between an integrated circuit device and a signal carrying structure comprises: a first interface comprising a plurality of device coupling transmission lines (DCTLs) distributed along a first axis contained within a first plane, each DCTL comprising at least two conductor strips distributed along the first axis and substantially coplanar with the first plane; a second interface comprising a plurality of signal carrying structure coupling transmission lines (SCSCTLs) distributed along a second axis, wherein each SCSCTL comprises at least two conductor strips distributed along a respective axis that is substantially perpendicular to the second axis; and a transition region between the first interface and the second interface comprising a transition structure comprising different respective conductors connecting each conductor strip of a DCTL to a respective conductor strip of a corresponding SCSCTL.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical waveguide extending a length and three Radio Frequency (RF) electrodes configured to modulate an optical signal in the waveguide. The RF electrodes include an RF crossing positioned at or near an end of the length and configured to equalize the optical signal by introducing destructive interference after the crossing. At this location, high-frequency components of the optical signal are already attenuated, while low-frequency components are selectively reduced, thereby flattening the electro-optic frequency response. The RF crossing may implement topologies including GSG-to-SGS transitions, stacked or staggered electrode arrangements, symmetrical or asymmetrical crossings, or multi-layer implementations. The geometry and placement of the RF crossing are selected to maintain impedance and velocity matching while optimizing equalization.

Abstract: A first (second) electrical input port receives a first (second) drive signal. A first (second) transmission line is configured to propagate a first (second) electromagnetic wave over at least a portion of a first (second) optical waveguide arm of an MZI to apply an optical phase modulation. A drive signal interconnection structure is configured to provide a first electrical connection between the first electrical input port and an inner electrode shared by the transmission lines, and a second electrical connection between the second electrical input port and respective outer electrodes of the transmission lines; and is configured to preserve relative phase shifts between the drive signals. An impedance associated with a first electric field distribution between the inner electrode and a first of the outer electrodes is substantially equal to an impedance associated with a second electric field distribution between the inner electrode and a second of the outer electrodes.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical waveguide extending a length; and a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) electrodes configured to modulate an optical signal in the optical waveguide, wherein the RF electrodes include an RF crossing located an end of the length and that is configured to equalize the optical signal. The optical signal is equalized via destructive interference after the RF crossing for attenuating modulation amplitude. At or near the end of the length, high frequencies of the optical signal are already strongly attenuated whereas low frequencies of the optical signal are not such that the low frequencies are equalized after the RF crossing.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, an Integrated Circuit (IC) assembly. The assembly includes a first die including a first stack of insulating layers having a first overall thickness. The first die further includes a first through-device via configured to provide a first conductive path therethrough. The IC assembly further includes a second die affixed to the first die in a stacked arrangement, the second die including a second stack of insulating layers having a second overall thickness. The second die further includes a second through-device via configured to provide a second conductive path extending therethrough. The second through-device via is electrically coupled to the first through-device via to obtain a through-assembly via configured to provide a through-assembly conductive path extending from the upper surface of the first die to the lower surface of the second die. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical waveguide extending a length; and a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) electrodes configured to modulate an optical signal in the optical waveguide, wherein the RF electrodes include an RF crossing located an end of the length and that is configured to equalize the optical signal. The optical signal is equalized via destructive interference after the RF crossing for attenuating modulation amplitude. At or near the end of the length, high frequencies of the optical signal are already strongly attenuated whereas low frequencies of the optical signal are not such that the low frequencies are equalized after the RF crossing.

Abstract: Disclosed are differential-drive electro-optic modulator structures for linear electro-optic (Pockels) platforms such as thin-film LiNbO3 (TFLN), directly compatible with traditional differential-output analog drivers, such as a linear electro-optic modulator, including: a first signal trace; a second signal trace, wherein the first signal trace and the second signal trace are driven by a differential signal; a first optical arm; and a second optical arm, wherein a geometry of the first signal trace and the second signal trace causes the differential signal to modulate optical signals in the first optical arm and the second optical arm, such that when the optical signals are combined to create a resultant optical signal, the geometry mitigates chirp in the resultant optical signal. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for detecting mounting of a card skimmer at an automated teller machine receives detection data from sensors. The system converts the detection data from the time domain to the frequency domain using a wavelet transform to generate a wavelet matrix of coefficients. The system includes a convolutional neural network model to identify features in the wavelet matrix. The system generates a rain alert signal based on the identified features. The system includes a long short-term memory recurrent neural network model to determine a sequence of (i) an idle state, (ii) a hand approach state, and (iii) a card skimmer mounting state based on the detection data. The system generates a tamper alert signal based on the sequence determination.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for detecting a skimmer located proximate a card reader of a self-service terminal (SST). The systems and methods may include obtaining a baseline measurement for a plurality of sensors located proximate the card reader and activating a subset of the plurality of sensors. A signal may be received from each of the subset of the plurality of sensors that were activated. When the signal from each of the subset of the plurality of sensors deviate from the baseline measurement by a predetermined threshold, a determination may be made that the skimmer is proximate the card reader. In response to determining that the skimmer is located proximate the card reader, the self-service terminal may be disabled.

Abstract: A system for detecting mounting of a card skimmer at an automated teller machine receives detection data from sensors. The system converts the detection data from the time domain to the frequency domain using a wavelet transform to generate a wavelet matrix of coefficients. The system includes a convolutional neural network model to identify features in the wavelet matrix. The system generates a rain alert signal based on the identified features. The system includes a long short-term memory recurrent neural network model to determine a sequence of (i) an idle state, (ii) a hand approach state, and (iii) a card skimmer mounting state based on the detection data. The system generates a tamper alert signal based on the sequence determination.

Abstract: A first (second) electrical input port receives a first (second) drive signal. A first (second) transmission line is configured to propagate a first (second) electromagnetic wave over at least a portion of a first (second) optical waveguide arm of an MZI to apply an optical phase modulation. A drive signal interconnection structure is configured to provide a first electrical connection between the first electrical input port and an inner electrode shared by the transmission lines, and a second electrical connection between the second electrical input port and respective outer electrodes of the transmission lines; and is configured to preserve relative phase shifts between the drive signals. An impedance associated with a first electric field distribution between the inner electrode and a first of the outer electrodes is substantially equal to an impedance associated with a second electric field distribution between the inner electrode and a second of the outer electrodes.

Abstract: A magnetic field causing a difference of energy level between different spin states in the sample can be applied, a spin transition in the material can be triggered by exposing the sample to electromagnetic radiation of an energy level corresponding to the difference in energy level between the different spin states, a sensing surface of a superconducting element can be exposed to a magnetic field of the spins in the sample, the spin transition can cause, via kinetic inductance, a change in electromagnetic waves carried by the superconducting element which can be detected. A magnetic field component normal to the sensing surface, below a certain magnetic field threshold, can be applied to favor sensitivity.

Abstract: A magnetic field causing a difference of energy level between different spin states in the sample can be applied, a spin transition in the material can be triggered by exposing the sample to electromagnetic radiation of an energy level corresponding to the difference in energy level between the different spin states, a sensing surface of a superconducting element can be exposed to a magnetic field of the spins in the sample, the spin transition can cause, via kinetic inductance, a change in electromagnetic waves carried by the superconducting element which can be detected. A magnetic field component normal to the sensing surface, below a certain magnetic field threshold, can be applied to favor sensitivity.