Abstract: In an embodiment, a hydrogen monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing elements that individually comprise a working electrode, a counter electrode, an insulating layer located in between the working electrode and the counter electrode, a catalyst located on an end of both the working electrode and the counter electrode, an electrolyte located on the end of the sensing elements on both the working electrode and the counter electrode, between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and in contact with the catalyst, and an electrical circuit located on an opposite end of the sensing element that connects the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electrochemical cell stacks of different sizes or configurations is disclosed in which a first planar module having a first planar size and configuration is assembled from a first inventory of parts including planar modular parts having mating surfaces along connectable ends. The planar modular parts are connected in a co-planar configuration to form the first planar module having the first size and configuration. A second inventory of parts including planar modular parts in common with the first inventory is identified, and a second planar module having a different planar size or configuration than the first planar module is assembled from the second inventory. The first and second planar modules are assembled with other planar modules and component to form electrochemical stacks corresponding to the planar size and configuration of the respective first or second planar module.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a hydrogen monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing elements that individually comprise a working electrode, a counter electrode, an insulating layer located in between the working electrode and the counter electrode, a catalyst located on an end of both the working electrode and the counter electrode, an electrolyte located on the end of the sensing elements on both the working electrode and the counter electrode, between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and in contact with the catalyst, and an electrical circuit located on an opposite end of the sensing element that connects the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a hydrogen monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing elements that individually comprise a working electrode, a counter electrode, an insulating layer located in between the working electrode and the counter electrode, a catalyst located on an end of both the working electrode and the counter electrode, an electrolyte located on the end of the sensing elements on both the working electrode and the counter electrode, between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and in contact with the catalyst, and an electrical circuit located on an opposite end of the sensing element that connects the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a hydrogen monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing elements that individually comprise a working electrode, a counter electrode, an insulating layer located in between the working electrode and the counter electrode, a catalyst located on an end of both the working electrode and the counter electrode, an electrolyte located on the end of the sensing elements on both the working electrode and the counter electrode, between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and in contact with the catalyst, and an electrical circuit located on an opposite end of the sensing element that connects the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electrochemical cell stacks of different sizes or configurations is disclosed in which a first planar module having a first planar size and configuration is assembled from a first inventory of parts including planar modular parts having mating surfaces along connectable ends. The planar modular parts are connected in a co-planar configuration to form the first planar module having the first size and configuration. A second inventory of parts including planar modular parts in common with the first inventory is identified, and a second planar module having a different planar size or configuration than the first planar module is assembled from the second inventory. The first and second planar modules are assembled with other planar modules and component to form electrochemical stacks corresponding to the planar size and configuration of the respective first or second planar module.

Abstract: An electrochemical hydrogen isotope recycling apparatus for recycling an isotope of hydrogen includes an electrochemical recycling unit, the unit comprising: an anode; a cathode; and an isotope-treated, proton exchange membrane operatively disposed between the anode and cathode, the isotope-treated, proton exchange membrane having heavy water containing the isotope of hydrogen therein, the device configured to receive a feedstream containing the isotope of hydrogen. A process by which high purity hydrogen isotope products are produced using an electrochemical membrane process in which all conventional water containing components are pre-processed using a heavy water containing the isotope of hydrogen.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for providing hydrogen that includes a first PEM electrochemical cell or stack including a membrane electrode assembly that includes an inlet for a first gas that comprises hydrogen in fluid communication with the anode side of the first electrochemical cell or cell stack, and an outlet in fluid communication with the cathode side of the first electrochemical cell or stack. A second electrochemical cell or cell stack includes a water inlet in fluid communication with the anode side of the second electrochemical cell or cell stack, and an outlet in fluid communication with the cathode side of the second electrochemical cell or cell stack. A controller is configured to operate the first electrochemical cell or cell stack as a primary hydrogen source and to controllably operate the second electrochemical cell or cell stack as a secondary hydrogen source.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for providing hydrogen that includes a first PEM electrochemical cell or stack including a membrane electrode assembly that includes an inlet for a first gas that comprises hydrogen in fluid communication with the anode side of the first electrochemical cell or cell stack, and an outlet in fluid communication with the cathode side of the first electrochemical cell or stack. A second electrochemical cell or cell stack includes a water inlet in fluid communication with the anode side of the second electrochemical cell or cell stack, and an outlet in fluid communication with the cathode side of the second electrochemical cell or cell stack. A controller is configured to operate the first electrochemical cell or cell stack as a primary hydrogen source and to controllably operate the second electrochemical cell or cell stack as a secondary hydrogen source.