Abstract: An encoding sequence is configured to detect the position and direction of motion of an actuator. The actuator includes at least two members where one of the members moves with respect to the other. Two sets of binary indicators are either affixed to or integrally assembled along one of the members. Each pair of indicators defines a position of the actuator and each binary indicator is configured to identify one of two states, such as a magnetic pole or a graphical mark where each state corresponds to a logical zero or a logical one. The indicators are arranged on the actuator such that at least one of the indicators transitions between one of the two states at each position along the actuator. At least one sensor is provided to detect the state of the binary indicators as the two members of the actuator move with respect to each other.

Abstract: An encoding sequence is configured to detect the position and direction of motion of an actuator. The actuator includes at least two members where one of the members moves with respect to the other. Two sets of binary indicators are either affixed to or integrally assembled along one of the members. Each pair of indicators defines a position of the actuator and each binary indicator is configured to identify one of two states, such as a magnetic pole or a graphical mark where each state corresponds to a logical zero or a logical one. The indicators are arranged on the actuator such that at least one of the indicators transitions between one of the two states at each position along the actuator. At least one sensor is provided to detect the state of the binary indicators as the two members of the actuator move with respect to each other.

Abstract: An encoding sequence is configured to detect the position and direction of motion of an actuator. The actuator includes at least two members where one of the members moves with respect to the other. Two sets of binary indicators are either affixed to or integrally assembled along one of the members. Each pair of indicators defines a position of the actuator and each binary indicator is configured to identify one of two states, such as a magnetic pole or a graphical mark where each state corresponds to a logical zero or a logical one. The indicators are arranged on the actuator such that at least one of the indicators transitions between one of the two states at each position along the actuator. At least one sensor is provided to detect the state of the binary indicators as the two members of the actuator move with respect to each other.

Abstract: An encoding sequence is configured to detect the position and direction of motion of an actuator. The actuator includes at least two members where one of the members moves with respect to the other. Two sets of binary indicators are either affixed to or integrally assembled along one of the members. Each pair of indicators defines a position of the actuator and each binary indicator is configured to identify one of two states, such as a magnetic pole or a graphical mark where each state corresponds to a logical zero or a logical one. The indicators are arranged on the actuator such that at least one of the indicators transitions between one of the two states at each position along the actuator. At least one sensor is provided to detect the state of the binary indicators as the two members of the actuator move with respect to each other.

Abstract: A data detection system includes, in part, a CID detector, a DC balance monitor and a transition density detector. The CID detector is configured to detect whether the received data stream includes a CID exceeding a predetermined threshold count. The DC balance monitor is configured to detect DC imbalances in the incoming data and that may be indicative of errors in the data. The transition density detector is configured to detect whether a minimum transition density exists during a given time period. If a violation is detected by any one of these three detectors, an out-of-frame signal is asserted. The incoming data stream may be a scrambled SONET or SDH data stream.

Abstract: Simultaneous communication of data and voice on a common telephone line are provided between a customer location and a central switching location. At the customer location there may be provided a series of computers each having the LAN interface connected to a common data bus at the customer location with that bus connected to the telephone line. At the central switching station the telephone lines are connected to a central hub device which does not provide a data bus but connects to the Internet. High and low pass filters allow the data from the LAN interface from the voice from a telephone set to be communicated simultaneously on the common line. Equalization and pre distortion are provided to enhance transmission line distances.

Abstract: An impedance matched branch connection for local area networks (LANs). A stub or branch connection increases the number of computers that can connect to a LAN. A star connection is formed when several stub lines are connected at the same point. Stub connections introduce an impedance discontinuity in the line and this discontinuity causes signal reflections which interfere with normal data transmission. The impedance discontinuity is avoided by providing a negative impedance device at the star point which makes the impedance at each transmission line appear as though the stub lines were not added.