Abstract: A method for treating type 1 and type 2 diabetes by administering an oral pharmaceutical formulation which comprises of insulin or its analogs amalgamated with suitable encapsulating agents and pharmaceutical excipients. The encapsulated pharmaceutical oral formulation protects insulin or its analogs from harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract and facilitates efficient delivery of insulin at targeted sites with sustained hypoglycemic activity.

Abstract: A method for treating type 1 and type 2 diabetes by administering an oral pharmaceutical formulation which comprises of insulin or its analogues amalgamated with suitable encapsulating agents and pharmaceutical excipients. The encapsulated pharmaceutical oral formulation protects insulin or its analogues from harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract and facilitates efficient delivery of insulin at targeted sites with sustained hypoglycemic activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel complex for oral delivery of drugs, therapeutic protein/peptides and vaccines which are loaded in a Vitamin B2 (VB12) coupled particulate carrier system with spacers in between, the carrier system with spacers having a formula VB12-R′/R″-N wherein, R′ or R″ is spacer and/or agents for derivatization of VB12 to provide either NH2 or COOH or SH groups, and N is the micro or nano particle carriers for the delivery of injectable drugs, therapeutic protein/peptides and vaccines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel complex for oral delivery of drugs, therapeutic protein/peptides and vaccines which are loaded in a Vitamin B12 (VB12) coupled particulate carrier system with spacers in between, the carrier system with spacers having a formula VB12—R′/R″—N wherein, R′ or R″ is spacer and/or agents for derivatization of VB12 to provide either NH2 or COOH or SH groups, and N is the micro or nano particle carriers for the delivery of injectable drugs, therapeutic protein/peptides and vaccines.

Abstract: The invention describes complexes between VB12 analogues and either GCSF or EPO that retain both significant affinity for intrinsic factor (IF) in the VB12 portion of the complex and significant bioactivity of the GCSF or EPO portion of the complex. The invention also concerns a process for the synthesis of these complexes. This is achieved at least in part, by using a spacer compound, which is linked covalantly between the VB12 portion and the GCSF or EPO.

Abstract: There are disclosed complexes and compositions for oral delivery of a substance or substances to the circulation or lymphatic drainage system of a host. The complexes of the invention comprise a microparticle coupled to at least one carrier, the carrier being capable of enabling the complex to be transported to the circulation or lymphatic drainage system via the mucosal epithelium of the host, and the microparticle entrapping or encapsulating, or being capable of entrapping or encapsulating, the substance(s). Examples of suitable carriers are mucosal binding proteins, bacterial adhesins, viral adhesins, toxin binding subunits, lectins, Vitamin B.sub.12 and analogues or derivatives of Vitamin B.sub.12 possessing binding activity to Castle's intrinsic factor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the specific stimulation of serum and secretory antibodies through mucosal presentation of antigens.

Abstract: A class of carrier molecules which when covalently linked to an immunogen enhances the host's immune response to that immunogen, regardless of whether the complex of carrier and immunogen is administered parenterally, enterally, or orally to the host. Also provided are processes for production of the complexes, as well as hybrid DNA sequences encoding the complexes, recombinant DNA molecules bearing the hybrid DNA sequences, transformed hosts and vaccines comprising the complexes, and methods for production of the vaccine.

Abstract: T-cell epitopes of or derived from the TraT protein of E. coli have been identified and used in the preparation of complexes with immunogens to enhance or provide immune responses to the immunogens. The complexes can be prepared directly, by chemical linkage, or as fusion proteins. In the latter context, polynucleotides encode a fusion protein which a transformed host can express. The fusion proteins may be expressed intracellularly or exported to and expressed on the surface of the transformant host.

Abstract: Class of carrier molecules which when covalently linked to an immunogen enhances the host's immune response to that immunogen regardless of whether the complex of carrier and immunogen is administered parenterally, enterally, or orally to the host. In addition, processes are provided for production of the complexes, as well as hybrid DNA sequences encoding complexes, recombinant DNA molecules bearing the hybrid DNA sequences, transformant hosts and vaccines comprising the complexes as well as methods for production of the vaccine.

Abstract: The invention describes complexes between VB.sub.12 analogues and either GCSF or EPO that retain both significant affinity for intrinsic factor (IF) in the VB.sub.12 portion of the complex and significant bioactivity of the GCSF or EPO portion of the complex. The invention also concerns a process for the synthesis of these complexes. This is achieved at least in part, by using a spacer compound, which is linked covalantly between the VB.sub.12 portion and the GCSF or EPO. The complexes preferably have the formulaV--X--A--Y--ZwhereinV is vitamin B.sub.12 or a vitamin B.sub.12 analogue, or derivative, bonded to X either through a carboxylate group pendant to the corrin nucleus of VB.sub.12 or through the central cobalt atom or to a functional group introduced onto the VB.sub.12 molecule, X is selected from: --NHNH--, --NH--, --O--, --S--, --SS--or --CH.sub.2 --, and A is an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel LHRH antagonists and complexes between these antagonists and VB12. The present invention is particularly useful for the oral administration of LHRH antagonists. The antagonists of the invention are selected from the group consisting of ANTIDE-1, ANTIDE-2 and ANTIDE-3.

Abstract: Complex of a drug, hormone, bio-active peptide, or immunogen with the carrier molecule vitamin B12 and a method for delivering the complex to the intestine of a host vertebrate in order to deliver the complex to the circulation of the host and thereby elicit a pharmacological response to the drug, hormone, bio-active molecule or to elicit a systemic immune response to the immunogen. The invention also provides a method for the production of the complex. Further, the invention provides medicaments containing the complex.