Abstract: An apparatus is configured to configured to receive, from a sending device, an electronic communication which includes an executable code for a behavioral tracking process. The apparatus may generate a visible mark associated with an executable code for an engagement tracking process and insert the visible mark into an electronic communication so that the visible mark is accessible in display of the electronic communication. The apparatus may then transmit the electronic communication, including the visible mark and the executable code, to a user device.

Abstract: A thin film photovoltaic cell includes a light absorption layer of Group I-III-VI2 semiconductor materials and a high surface energy thin film layer that improves adhesion between the light absorption layer and an underlying electrode layer. The high surface energy thin film either replaces or is deposited on top of the back electrode to decrease the formation of voids at the back interface during absorber growth/deposition and thereby enabling a wider process window and improved cell efficiencies. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A continuous gravity flow apparatus for heating and/or drying of particulate material is vertically disposed and is provided with an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom. The apparatus includes a flow passage for the particulate material which is defined between an outer housing and an inner housing. Each of the outer and inner housing defines perforated wall sections allowing for the flow of hot gas through the wall of one housing, into contact with the particulate material, and then out through the wall of the other housing. Manifolds are associated with the outer and inner housings to provide for uniform flow of the gas through the material. The perforated wall sections are positioned and designed to enhance particle-to-particle movement of the material to thereby avoid particle sticking and bridging problems.