Abstract: An apparatus for removing fluid, such as condensate, from the inside of a rotating cylinder 10. The apparatus comprises a syphon shoe 50 proximate to an inside surface 35 of the rotating cylinder 10. The syphon shoe 50 is connected to a syphon pipe 28. The syphon shoe 50 further comprises two opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 and a divider 60. The two opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 are disposed substantially parallel to the direction of rotation of the rotating cylinder 10. The divider separates the opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 and extends radially from the end of the syphon shoe 50.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for improving the heating capacity of steam-heated hot plates, and in particular, to steam-heated hot plates used in the corrugating industry. One or more separators and thermocompressors are added to the output of the hot plates to separate blow through steam from condensate and pressurize and inject the steam back into the hot plates.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing fluid, such as condensate, from the inside of a rotating cylinder 10. The apparatus comprises a syphon shoe 50 proximate to the inside surface 35 of the rotating cylinder 10. The syphon shoe 50 is connected a syphon pipe 29. The syphon shoe 50 further comprises two opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 and a divider 60. The two opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 are disposed substantially parallel to the direction of rotation of the rotating cylinder 10. The divider separates the opposing circumferential openings 51, 52 and extends radially from the end of the syphon end 50.

Abstract: A turbulence bar assembly for a cylinder that extends in an axial direction includes a plurality of bars that extend in the axial direction and at least one hoop. The at least one hoop has one or more hoop segments that are connected to the plurality of bars and one or more couplers that are in engagement with the one or more hoop segments to expand and contract a radial dimension of the at least one hoop in response to movement of an adjustment block in the axial direction.

Abstract: A turbulence bar assembly for a cylinder that extends in an axial direction includes a plurality of bars that extend in the axial direction and at least one hoop. The at least one hoop has one or more hoop segments that are connected to the plurality of bars and one or more couplers that are in engagement with the one or more hoop segments to expand and contract a radial dimension of the at least one hoop in response to movement of an adjustment block in the axial direction.

Abstract: A shoe device secured to a syphon is disclosed for removing condensate from an internal surface of a rotating cylinder. The shoe device includes a shoe portion which is disposed adjacent to the internal surface of the rotating cylinder. The shoe portion defines a passageway having an upstream and a downstream end. The passageway permits a flow there through of the condensate from the internal surface of the rotating cylinder, through the upstream end of the passageway to the downstream end of the passageway. The shoe portion has a first and a second side, a surface extending between the first and second sides of the shoe portion. The surface is disposed adjacent to the internal surface of the cylinder. The shoe portion also has a leading and a trailing end and a face extending between the leading and trailing ends of the shoe portion. A clamp is secured to a distal end of the syphon and is connected to the shoe portion for clamping the shoe portion to the syphon.

Abstract: A shoe device secured to a syphon is disclosed for removing condensate from an internal surface of a rotating cylinder. The shoe device includes a shoe portion which is disposed adjacent to the internal surface of the rotating cylinder. The shoe portion defines a passageway having an upstream and a downstream end. The passageway permits a flow there through of the condensate from the internal surface of the rotating cylinder, through the upstream end of the passageway to the downstream end of the passageway. The shoe portion has a first and a second side, a surface extending between the first and second sides of the shoe portion. The surface is disposed adjacent to the internal surface of the cylinder. The shoe portion also has a leading and a trailing end and a face extending between the leading and trailing ends of the shoe portion. A clamp is secured to a distal end of the syphon and is connected to the shoe portion for clamping the shoe portion to the syphon.

Abstract: A dryer bar apparatus of a dryer for drying a web in a papermaking machine includes a number of turbulence bars circumferentially spaced equidistantly around the inner surface of the dryer shell for generating turbulence within a layer of condensate. The arrangement is such that uniformity of the transfer of thermal energy in the cross machine direction is maximized while the transfer of thermal energy through the dryer shell from the inner to the outer surface is minimized. Also, the number of turbulence bars is determined by the equation: N=int{2?Ri/[4?(Ri/d)½+W]} in which: N=the number of turbulence bars in the dryer shell; int=an integer number of a value in { } brackets; ?=3.1415; Ri=the inside radius of the inner surface of the dryer shell in inches; d=an average depth of the layer in inches; W=a width of each of the turbulence bars in inches.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for increasing a transfer of thermal energy through an inner surface of a hollow cylindrical dryer of a papermaking machine to a peripheral outer surface of the dryer. The apparatus includes a plurality of bars of rectangular cross-sectional configuration, each of the bars extending axially within the dryer. The bars are disposed spaced and parallel relative to each other with each of the bars being urged outwardly against the inner surface of the dryer. A mechanism is provided for urging each of the bars radially outward against the inner surface of the dryer. The mechanism includes a plurality of hoop rings which are spaced axially within the dryer, each hoop ring being disposed normal to an axis of rotation of the dryer.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for increasing a transfer of thermal energy through an inner surface of a hollow cylindrical dryer of a papermaking machine to a peripheral outer surface of the dryer. The apparatus includes a plurality of bars of rectangular cross-sectional configuration, each of the bars extending axially within the dryer. The bars are disposed spaced and parallel relative to each other with each of the bars being urged outwardly against the inner surface of the dryer. Also, each of the bars defines an axially extending enclosure.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for increasing a transfer of thermal energy through an inner surface of a hollow cylindrical dryer of a papermaking machine to a peripheral outer surface of the dryer. The apparatus includes a plurality of bars of rectangular cross-sectional configuration, each of the bars extending axially within the dryer. The bars are disposed spaced and parallel relative to each other with each of the bars being urged outwardly against the inner surface of the dryer. Also, each of the bars defines an axially extending enclosure.

Abstract: A papermaking machine including a forming section for forming a paper web, a press section for pressing water from the paper web, and a dryer for drying the paper web is disclosed. The dryer includes a wet end for drying the paper web to at least about 60 percent solids and a dry end for further drying the paper web. The dry end includes at least one series of alternating dryer cylinders and vacuum rolls. A dryer felt transports the paper web as the dryer felt travels about each dryer cylinder and each vacuum roll of the series. In one disclosed embodiment, at least one of the vacuum rolls receives a vacuum of at least about one inch water column (1.5 kilo-pascals, "kPa") to restrain the web as it dries. A method for manufacturing a paper web while restraining it by using the dryer apparatus described above is also disclosed.

Abstract: A drying section in a papermaking machine has a first section with a series of single-tiered drying cylinders having vacuum transfer rolls with external vacuum chambers therebetween for improving web runnability, and a second dryer section with a series of single-tiered drying cylinders having movable vacuum transfer rolls disposed therebetween for providing improved cross-directional web shrinkage restraint.

Abstract: A dryer section employs top-felted and bottom-felted dryer sections each comprised of a single steam-heated drying cylinder with a diameter of about 12 feet. The web is transferred between drying cylinders by a two vacuum roll transfer without an open draw. The dryer fabric wrap on the large dryer cylinders is over 270 degrees resulting in large drying capability per dryer roll. Because each large dryer is followed by another large dryer roll which dries the opposite side of the web, uniformity of drying is maintained. Each dryer cylinder may have its own dryer fabric stretcher and guides. Alternatively, individual dryer fabrics service multiple top-felted dryers and bottom-felted dryers respectively. The web is constrained approximately 96 percent of the time as it passes through the is dryer section. The dryer section can achieve 2.9 inches of dryer surface in the machine direction for every inch of dryer section.

Abstract: The invention is a paper making machine and a method of making paper. The machine includes a section for forming a wet paper web having first and second sides and a dryer for drying the wet paper web. At least a first portion of the dryer is capable of preferentially drying the first side of the wet paper web to a dryness level of at least about 70% solids. In a variation of the paper making machine, the first portion of the dryer is capable of preferentially drying the first side of the wet paper web to a dryness level of at least about M, as represented by the formula:M=101-0.246 (WRV)in which WRV is the water retention value of the web. The method for drying a web of paper includes a forming step and a drying step. The forming step is carried out by forming a wet paper web having first and second sides.

Abstract: A single tier drying section is disclosed for drying a web. The drying section includes a dryer and a felt guided about the dryer such that the web is disposed between the dryer and the felt for drying a first side of the web. A further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and a further felt is guided about the further dryer such that the web is disposed between the further dryer and the further felt for drying a second side of the web. A dryer transfer mechanism is used for transferring the web from the dryer to the further dryer.

Abstract: A papermaking machine uses a low pressure water jet mounted on a pneumatic actuator for movement at least as fast in the cross machine direction as the paper web moves in the machine direction for a distance of 2 to 12 inches. The jet rapidly cuts a tail with a blunt edge of 2 to 12 inches wide from the web. The actuator is mounted on a screw or belt driven carriage to traverse the web and expand the tail after it has been threaded through the dryer section until the tail encompass the entire web and thus completes the threading process. A controller coordinates an air jet positioned beneath a doctor blade and a vacuum suction roll which engages the last press roll. The air jet and vacuum suction roll are actuated when the blunt end of the tail engages the doctor blade. In this way a tail with little or no streamer is formed and blown onto a dryer fabric supported on a vacuum suction roll which leads the tail into a single tier dryer section.

Abstract: A paper machine comprising a single tier drying section including at least two dryer groups is disclosed. In one group, the axes of rotation of at least two consecutive drying cylinders lie substantially in a plane, and the axes of rotation of the vacuum rolls are disposed below the plane of dryer cylinders. In the next group, the axes of rotation of at least two consecutive drying cylinders lie substantially in a further plane which is non-coplanar with the plane defined by the dryers of the first dryer group. The vacuum rolls of the second dryer group have their axes of rotation disposed above the further plane. The dryer transfer which transfers the web from one dryer group to the next one includes a joint run of the felts of the respective dryer sections and a vacuum roll at the downstream end of the joint run. The joint run receives the web between the felts when the web passes through the joint run.

Abstract: A single tier drying section is disclosed for drying a web. The drying section includes a dryer and a felt guided about the dryer such that the web is disposed between the dryer and the felt for drying a first side of the web. A further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and a further felt is guided about the further dryer such that the web is disposed between the further dryer and the further felt for drying a second side of the web. A dryer transfer mechanism is used for transferring the web from the dryer to the further dryer.