Abstract: A catalyst system for the reduction of NOx comprises a catalyst comprising a metal oxide catalyst support, a catalytic metal oxide comprising at least one of gallium oxide or silver oxide, and at least one promoting metal selected from the group consisting of silver, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, indium, bismuth and mixtures thereof. The catalyst system further comprises a gas stream comprising an organic reductant, and a compound comprising sulfur. A method for reducing NOx utilizing the said catalyst system is also provided.

Abstract: A system and method for operating a fuel cell, including reacting a fuel with an oxidant within the fuel cell to produce electricity and reaction products comprising steam. The fuel is fed through the fuel cell, wherein a concentration of the steam increases in the first direction through the fuel cell. The direction of fuel-flow through the fuel cell is altered or reversed upon satisfying a condition, thereby altering the concentration gradient of steam in the fuel cell and providing for removal of carbon deposition with the fuel cell. Such reversal of fuel flow may also provide an exhaust from the fuel cell that can regenerate an external or adjacent hydrocarbon reformer.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing an array of reaction vessels and providing a plurality of homogenous reaction mixtures within the reaction vessels. Each mixture comprises monomers at least partially embodied in a liquid and is provided in an amount sufficient to form a film having a thickness sufficient to allow the reaction rate of the polymerization reaction to be essentially independent of mass transport. Polymerization then takes place in the presence of a catalyst at reaction conditions effective in substantially maintaining the homogeneity of the reaction mixture. In this manner, polymerization can take place quickly and efficiently without stirring the reactants. The method is highly useful for testing reactants, catalysts, and associated reaction parameters.