Abstract: The present disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for stimulating a magneto-optical defect material with defect centers in a magnetic detection system using a stimulation process to significantly increase magnetic sensitivity of the detection system. The system utilizes a Ramsey pulse sequence pair or a shifted magnetometry adapted cancellation (SMAC) pair to detect and measure the magnetic field acting on the system. Utilizing a pair of magnetic measurements that are approximately in quadrature improves the dynamic range and accuracy of the magnetic detection.

Abstract: A magnetometer for magnetic detection includes a magneto-optical defect center material having at least one magneto-optical defect center; a radio frequency (RF) exciter system including a radio frequency (RF) excitation source; an optical excitation system including an optical excitation source; an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal based on light emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material due RF excitation and optical excitation provided to the magneto-optical defect center material via the RF excitation source and the optical excitation source, respectively; a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field detected at the magneto-optical defect center material; and a system controller.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection of an external magnetic field is described. The system includes a controller configured to control components of the system. The controller is configured to control an optical excitation source and a RF excitation source to apply pulse sequences to a magneto-optical defect center material such that in the excitation pulses of a first pair of RF excitation pulses have a first phase difference, the excitation pulses of a second pair of RF excitation pulses have a second phase difference, and the second phase difference is different from the first phase difference. The controller computes a combined magnetometry curve as a function of the RF excitation frequency based on a difference between a measured value of a first light detection signal and a measured value of a second light detection signal. The controller sets the first phase difference and the second phase difference based on the combined magnetometry curve.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material comprising a plurality of NV centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source configured to provide RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source configured to provide optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, and a controller. The optical signal is based on hyperfine states of the NV diamond material. The controller is configured to detect a gradient of the optical signal based on the hyperfine states emitted by the NV diamond material.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a magneto-optical defect center material including at least one magneto-optical defect center that emits an optical signal when excited by an excitation light; a radio frequency (RF) exciter system configured to provide RF excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material; an optical light source configured to direct the excitation light to the magneto-optical defect center material; and an optical detector configured to receive the optical signal emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for stimulating a magneto-optical defect material with defect centers in a magnetic detection system using a stimulation process to significantly increase magnetic sensitivity of the detection system. The system utilizes a Ramsey pulse sequence pair or a shifted magnetometry adapted cancellation (SMAC) pair to detect and measure the magnetic field acting on the system. Utilizing a pair of magnetic measurements that are approximately in quadrature improves the dynamic range and accuracy of the magnetic detection.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection of an external magnetic field can include a RF excitation source generating a RF excitation pulse, and an optical excitation source to generate an optical excitation pulse to apply to the magneto-optical defect center element. The system can include a controller to cause a weighting window function to be applied to the RF excitation signal to generate a corresponding weighted windowed RF excitation signal that is applied to the magneto-optical defect center element. The system can include an optical detector receiving an optical signal based on light emitted by the magneto-optical defect center element responsive to the optical excitation pulse. The controller can receive a light detection pulse from the optical detector, and generate a magnetometry curve as a function of RF excitation frequency using the light detection signal. The controller can generate a representation of a magnetic field based on the magnetometry curve.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a housing including a top plate, bottom plate, side plate, and main plate provided between the side plate and the bottom plate; a magneto-optical defect center material including at least one magneto-optical defect center that emits an optical signal when excited by an excitation light; a radio frequency (RF) exciter system configured to provide RF excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material; an optical light source configured to direct the excitation light to the magneto-optical defect center material; and an optical detector configured to receive the optical signal emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material. The elements of the system are mounted to the main plate and capable of being unattached and remounted to the main plate to change at least one of a location or an angle of incidence of the excitation light on the magneto-optical defect center material.

Abstract: A method for magnetic detection includes (a) providing optical excitation to a magneto-optical defect center material using an optical light source, (b) providing pulsed radio frequency (RF) excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material using a pulsed RF excitation source, and (c) receiving an optical signal emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material using an optical detector, such that the magneto-optical defect center material includes a plurality of magneto-optical defect centers and that (a) and (c) occur during (b).

Abstract: A magnetometer includes a light source that provides excitation light and a magneto-optical defect center material with at least one defect center that transmits emitted light when excited by the excitation light. The magnetometer also includes a light sensor that receives the emitted light and a plurality of magnets that provide a bias magnetic field to the magneto-optical defect center material. The magnetometer further includes a ring magnet holder that has an outer ring with an outside surface and a plurality of holders extending from the ring. The plurality of holders hold the plurality of magnets in a same orientation with respect to one another. The magnetometer further includes a mount that has an inside surface. The outside surface of the outer ring slides along the inside surface of the mount.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a magneto-optical defect center material comprising a plurality of magneto-optical defect centers, an optical light source, an optical detector, and a radio frequency (RF) excitation source. The optical light source is configured to provide optical excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material. The optical detector is configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material. The RF excitation source is configured to provide RF excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material. The RF excitation source includes an RF feed connector, and a metallic material coated on the magneto-optical defect center material and electrically connected to the RF feed connecter.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection, includes a magneto-optical defect center material comprising a plurality of magneto-optical defect centers, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source, an optical detector and an optical light source. The RF excitation source is configured to provide RF excitation to the material. The optical detector is configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the material. The optical light source is configured to provide optical light to the material, and includes a readout optical light source and a reset optical light source. The readout optical light source is configured to illuminate light in a first illumination volume of the material. The reset optical light source is configured to illuminate light in a second illumination volume of the material, the second illumination volume being larger than and encompassing the first illumination volume. The reset optical light source provides a higher power light than the readout optical light source.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond material, a radio frequency (RF) excitation source that provides RF excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical excitation source that provides optical excitation to the NV diamond material, an optical detector that receives an optical signal emitted by the NV diamond material, a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic field applied to the NV diamond material, and a controller. The controller controls the RF excitation source to apply a first RF excitation having a first frequency and a second RF excitation having a second frequency. The first frequency is associated with a first slope point of a fluorescence intensity response of an NV center orientation of a first spin state, and the second frequency is associated with a second slope point of the fluorescence intensity response of the NV center orientation of the first spin state.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection includes a magneto-optical defect center material comprising a plurality of magneto-optical defect centers, an optical light source , an optical detector, and a radio frequency (RF) excitation source. The optical light source is configured to provide optical excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material. The optical detector is configured to receive an optical signal emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material. The RF excitation source is configured to provide RF excitation to the magneto-optical defect center material. The RF excitation source includes an RF feed connector, and a metallic material coated on the magneto-optical defect center material and electrically connected to the RF feed connecter.

Abstract: A system provides light received from NV diamond material to an optical collector. The provision of light received from NV diamond material to an optical collector impacts the efficiency by which light is directed to the optical collector. The system may be employed to efficiently direct light from the NV diamond material to the optical collector.

Abstract: Magnetometers with high bandwidth acquisition of data with increased sensitivity are described herein. Increased bandwidth and sensitivity may be achieved by eliminating a reference signal for full repolarization of the magneto-optical defect center material prior to acquisition. Elimination of the reference signal eliminates the time needed to repolarize the magneto-optical defect center material and the acquisition time for the reference signal. A radiofrequency (RF) pulse sequence may be activate to apply an RF field to the magneto-optical defect center material and a magnetic field measurement may be acquired using the magneto-optical defect center material. The magnetic field measurement may be acquired independent of a reference magnetic field measurement.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for stimulating a magneto-optical defect material with defect centers in a magnetic detection system using a stimulation process to significantly increase magnetic sensitivity of the detection system. The system utilizes a modified Ramsey pulse sequence pair or a shifted magnetometry adapted cancellation (SMAC) pair to detect and measure the magnetic field acting on the system resulting in mitigation of low-frequency noise sources to provide improved sensor sensitivity. For a SMAC pair measurement, two different values of tau are used as well as two different values of the microwave pulse width.

Abstract: A magnetometer for magnetic detection includes a magneto-optical defect center material having at least one magneto-optical defect center; a radio frequency (RF) exciter system including a radio frequency (RF) excitation source; an optical excitation system including an optical excitation source; an optical detector configured to receive an optical signal based on light emitted by the magneto-optical defect center material due RF excitation and optical excitation provided to the magneto-optical defect center material via the RF excitation source and the optical excitation source, respectively; a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field detected at the magneto-optical defect center material; and a system controller.

Abstract: A system for magnetic detection of an external magnetic field is described. The system includes a controller configured to control components of the system. The controller is configured to control an optical excitation source and a RF excitation source to apply pulse sequences to a magneto-optical defect center material such that in the excitation pulses of a first pair of RF excitation pulses have a first phase difference, the excitation pulses of a second pair of RF excitation pulses have a second phase difference, and the second phase difference is different from the first phase difference. The controller computes a combined magnetometry curve as a function of the RF excitation frequency based on a difference between a measured value of a first light detection signal and a measured value of a second light detection signal. The controller sets the first phase difference and the second phase difference based on the combined magnetometry curve.

Abstract: Systems for a magneto-optical defect center material magnetic sensor system that uses fluorescence intensity to distinguish the ms=±1 states, and to measure the magnetic field based on the energy difference between the ms=+1 state and the ms=?1 state, as manifested by the RF frequencies corresponding to each state in some embodiments. The system may include an optical excitation source, which directs optical excitation to the material. The system may further include an RF excitation source, which provides RF radiation to the material. Light from the material may be directed through a light pipe to an optical detector. Light from the material may be directed through an optical filter and a lens to be focused at a focal point corresponding to a collection portion of an optical detector.